The Cedarville Herald, Volume 12, Numbers 27-52

9 TWO GARDENS. {wc irero two KWdena onoe stood aid* foy ■«Mt*. ' ■ J,;cacli obo»t ofblossoms hdr to view, fanBovverastately in their golden pride, Ana drooping columbines end larkspurs, too. jbees of crimson, pink and creamy white, Talllilies oitenng fragrance, Hen and rare. Geraniums brave in colors, dazzling bright, Anilhoneysuckles climbing everywhere, Flinging a wealth of sweets upon the air. Andlie wh0 owned one garden said: “Lot none Broalt any bud or flower from its stem, j plsnled seed nnd root, and mine alone Shall bo the beauty that has grown, from .them/' Andso the Sowers faded whore they grow. Add weaker waxed tho parent plant eaoh , day, , t f Andsoon the fragile buds all perished, too, A, Andwhen at last brown Autumn oame that | ■way, ' ■TShe found hut desolation, and decay. ' put bo who dwned the other said: “With me Come, friends, and share the treasures here l show, „ 1 Gilts of the earth whloh thus most goner* onsly Returns the care womay on it bestow.''. As fast as eager hands bore blooms away As lovely ones were in their places set, Andwinter coming one bright frosty day, < Withelittering heard and cloak ice-spangled, >V. ■ -met ........ Some pure, as his own snowflakes |ing’Hng r: yet. —Margaret Eytlnge, in Detroit Free.Bress. UNCLE SAM’S COINAGE. Some Interesting: Things No t Gen­ erally-Known. •>E Pluribus CnUm” N ever A u th orized by l a w —Origin o f th o M otto, "In h o d W e T r u st/' a n d th o «Jtt" on L iberty's Neck. .: Themaking of the first money in the United States began in 1780, but in- stead of .the -faces of representative Statesmen it bore only the figure of Liberty. Some few coins were stamped With the face' of Washington, and of course are highly valued by collectors, i; The first coins struck by the United States mint were some half dimes in 1703; the first dimes were struck in Trance from, old silver family plate furnished by Washington, the coins be­ ing known as Martha Washington - dimes, from the circumstance as noted, and an adaptation of the Liberty head to that of Martha Washington, The United States mint in San Fran- . cisco is said to be the largest of the . kind, in the world. The process of dime making there may not be without interest. The silver bullion is first ' melted and run into two-pound bars. These in turn are run through im? , manse rollers and flattened out to the thickness of the coin. These strips are then passed through a machine, which cuts them into proper size for the prBBstefi, the "strips first having been treated with a kind of tallow to pre­ vent their being scratched in their pas­ sage throng h the cutters. The silver pieces are then put into the feeder of the printing presses, and . are fed to the die .by automatic ma­ chinery a t the rate of 100 per minute, - 48,000 dimes being turned out in a regular working day of 12hours, As the smoothing pieces are pressed between the printing dies they receive the lettered and figured impression; at 2the same time the piece ^expanded in " islight degree and the small corruga­ tions are cut in its rim. The machine drops the completed coin into a re­ ceiver and it is ready for. the counter's hands. , • The first silver dollar was coined un­ der the net of February 12,1793, and weighed 410 grains and hud a fineness of 802.4, vhich standard wps continued for many years. The first coins struck for America, however, are supposed to have been the Sommer Island shilling and sixpence. Thedateof coinage, place and circumstances under which they were issued are unknown. The Som­ mer or Summer islands are the present Bermudas. The shilling was called A “Hoggs-Penny,” composed of copper, size 19, weight 177 grains. The silver dollar, since the first in­ troduction of the coin, has undergone many changes, all of which have had more or less effect in establishing a fixed Value Among collectors of rare coins. The issue of 1804bears the palm in this respect, and has won for itself the name of “The King of American Parities.” Only seven o r eight of the 1804dollars are known to be in exist­ ence. ‘ The ‘‘legend” of the scarcity is tha t a vessel bound for; China had on board Almost the entire coinage, 819,570, and was lost a t sea. Another theory con­ cerning this mysterious coin runs as follows: That tho entire issue was shipped to pay the Yankee tars who fought in the war with Tripoli. The sailors drifted around after the war dosed, and many of theta went to Africa, where they spent their money* The native kings collected ttll the coins and buried them as trophies* IVriiHps Stanley might throw some lighten the last version of the 1804 dollar. The national motto* “E pluribn* mutra," on different United States coins, was never authorized by law to he so placed. Although the mint was established in 1792, the use of the mot­ to on any of the gold, silver or copper coins was not authorised or directed by tny of the provisions of the act estab­ lishing it, None Of the coins since 1837 bore the motto until the standard sil­ ver dollarts were coined* It. remained on the early gold aha diver coins until 1884, when it wu* omitted from the gold coins. From til, double eagle in l$8ff It was alio omitted, in 1888 it was dropped from the piece and tha foliow.lng year from all silver coins, the trade dollar only reviving its use, The mot­ to was first used on a half-penny or oent.struck in New Jersey in 1780-7. The taotto “In God We Trust” has a curious history. Until 1804 no religious motto appeared on American coins. In November, 1801, a clergyman addressed a letter to Mr. Chase, the secretary of the treasury, suggesting a recognition of the Deity on the coins. This letter was referred to James Pollock, an ex- governor of Pennsylvania and. director of the mint at the time, but it was found that the mottoes could not be changed without authority of law. In December, 1800 , the director sub­ mitted plans for a nevv threc-cent, two- cent and one-cunt, piece, on which it Was proposed that one of the followi ng mottoes be inserted: “Our Country, Our God,” “God, Our Trust.” Mr. Chase suggested ift lieu of these mottoes the one “In God W© T ru s t” I t was upon the two-cent piece authorized April 22,. 1804 (since abolished), the motto of. Secretary Chase first appeared: It was also stamped on the 1800 issue of the double ,eagle, eagle, half eagle, silver dollar, half dollar aud nickel five cent piece in lieu of the long standing motto“B Pluribus Unum.” I n . the trade dollar issue (1873) both mottoes wyro retained, “In God We Trust" ap­ pearing on the obverse. This is;a popular idea prevalent that the minute letter “M” stamped on the Goddess of Liberty just at the point where the largest lock of hair crosses the ncclc stands for “mint," and is an evidence of the genuineness, of the coin bearing i t .. But this is a mistake. ' The- “M” stands for Morgan—George T. Morgan, who is the originator of the design. He also stamped' the letter “M” on the reverse side of theeoin, on the left half of the loop of ribbon tied about the wreath. Regarding the Liberty head on the obverse side Mr.' Zoellar, the designer of the soldiers’ monument which is to be placed i n ' Garfield square, Potts- ville, says: “1 have sought'everywhere almost for a true head of Liberty, and I have come to the conclusion that the best head is that which at the present time has a place oh our silver dollar: I propose to use it on account of its be­ ing the best representation of Liberty that can, in my judgment, bo found.” Mr. Morgan, .in order to get the de­ sign for the head which was accepted, selected as his model Miss Annie Williams, a young school-teacher, who bod, Mr. Morgan said, “the purely American features.” Quite a number of people have been under the impression that Mr. Morgan’s wife’s head had been used as a model, for the perfection of the design, but such was not the case; Regarding the dollar mark writers are not agreed as to the derivation of this sign to represent the word dollar or dollars. Some contend that it comes from the letters U and S, which, after the adoption of the federal constitution, were prefixed to the currency of the new United States, and which after­ ward, in the hnrry of writing, were run into each other, the U being made first and the S over it. ■ Others say that the contraction is from the Spanish pesos, dollars; others still believe it to be derived from the Spanish word fuertes, meaning hard, so called to designate silver and gold from paper or soft money. The more plausible explanation of the puzzle is this: That it is a modification of the figure 8, and that the character, as we mark it, denotes that we are speaking, or writing, of a sum of money equal to eight reals; or, as the dollar was former­ ly called—a piece of eight In the early history of the dollar, when everybody knew it os apiece of eight, writers who had occasion to mention it in their articles did so by making this character: (8) (») The two eights and the double hy- en gradually “evolutcd" until it me out as 8 Aword relative to the origin of the 1 shinplasters, emanating from no it*. a source than the late Gen. F. E. linner, whose unique autograph will ig be remembered, may not be amiss this particular point: “When all the silver had been paid t of the treasury of the United States rly in 1803 1 procured from the post- ice department quantities of postage imps for the purpose of ^making ange. My recollection now is that at at time five attd tcn-cent stamps ire the only kind in use. ‘So,to facilitate the makingof change, iad the Btamps pasted on slips of pa* r so as to make 25 and 60 cents. This is done after an agreement with Mr. mtgomery Blair, tho then postmas* r general, that he would redeem them that condition in postage stamps- It is soon found that this mode of pro- dure Was impracticable. “1 then persuaded the postmaster neralto procure the engraving and luting of fae sitnilics of the postal tnpoiind postage stamp. These the insurer bought from the postmaster neral under an agreement that the st office department should redeem em* This was what was called ‘poa- Lcurrency.’” . , . * The postmaster general soon became ed of the Additional responsibility d labor that the issuing and redertp- m of this currency threw upon his ice, and he Urged that thte treasurer auld relieve him of it. We then pra­ ted the passage of a law by congress f the printing of a Currency which mid represent th* fractions of a dol- These wars engraved and printed lit denominations of 8, 5, 10, 15, 25 and 50 cent notes, and in contradistinction to the postal currency were called frac­ tional currency, and were receivable for all government dues. Connected with the United States treasury is one of the most remarkable coin experts in the world. He is the coin examiner, and has the remarkable gift of discerning the slightest fraud in specie without being able exactly to tell how it is done. If a counterfeit piece be concealed in a heap of money he will detect it blind­ folded. He runs his fingers through the mass, and in a'few moments every coin is tested. This is the result of that remarkable power of touch which is only perfected by long practice. When Treasurer Huston came into his office he gave a receipt for what the treasury vaults contained, and this re­ ceipt was the largest ever given in the history of the world. A fnc-simile of it is framed and hung up in the treasur­ er’s office and it represents ^ 8771 , 432 ,- 329.45%.- , . Gold coin is shipped abroad in five- gallou, iron-bound, oaken kegs. Each keg holds 10 bags and each bag con­ tains $5,000, so tlmt the value of a keg is $50,000. Gold from the other side usually comes in boxes. Over 90 .per cent, of tho silver produced in the country passes through the hands o f' a few banks and firms which make it their special business in New York and San Francisco. In fact, three or four houses monopolize the greater part of the trade, and to them silver is consigned for sale by the min­ ing and smelting companies. They, dispose of it in the market to the government (whose purchases un­ der the late silver law are now of great importance), ship it abroad or bny it themselves. The stock is believed never to be very large, and.even during the recent silver agitation was not much more than from six to seven million ounces. Bars weighing 1,000 ounces on an aver­ age are usually 099 fine, and all trans­ actions in them are on this basis, which is the standard of the United States coinage. Anumber of bars go to the assay of­ fice to be converted into assay bars, which are thin bricks of silver weigh­ ing 2uo ounces each and bearing the of­ ficial stamp of weight and fineness. These are in demand by silversmiths on account of th e guarantee of the stamp. The bullion shipped to Europe is in the form of commercial bars, which, are. simply carted to the steamer and there placed, unpacked, in the treasure room. It is quite unusual to pack sil­ ver with the care that is bestowed on gold. Tho bars also form the bulk of the stock held in New York.'—H. D. Sim, in N. Commercial. ' WOMAN-WORSHIP. The Object of Adoration Through Count­ ies* Ages. That man-worship is childish, linre- publican, detestable, every American will admit, although, to sec tho favor­ ite / phrase of a noted jurist, “it is a good deal practiced in this commu­ nity.’ But woman-worship, what shall we say of that? It is a ticklish subject to handle, for the ladies—some of them at least—think they were if ado to he adored and are jealous of their perogative. Wo all know that— “Tho world was *-nd, the Garden was a wild. And man, tho hermit, sighed till woman, smiled.” • * Wliat wfis his first impulse when she smiled the poet leases us to conjecture. Perhaps, electrified by- her beauty, he bent his knee in homage. Going to sleep as he did a disconsolate bachelor, and waking as he did with a lovely wife by his B id e , it is not difficult to suppose that he became upon the in­ stant somewhat uxorious. Small blame to him if he prostrated himself before her, placed aer pretty foot up­ on liis neck, and swore to be her slave forever. But woman is not a novelty in these days. She does not take us by sur­ prise, and there is rather more of her in the world than there is -of man. Ought she, then, to expect the same de­ votion that she received when she was a Scarcer article, and the other sex was not as well acquainted with her as it is 'at present? She complains, as a strong-minded individual, that she is denied' her rights as the intellectual equal (not to say superior) of the creature with a beard; that lie pre­ sumes upon his muscle and his whisk­ ers, and oppresses her. She complains, Also, as a weakling, that she is! not treated with the tenderness and re­ spect to which her defenseless condi tion and great need of protection enti­ tle her. There may ho some justice in both complaints; yet, upon the whole, women is still the adorable and adored paragon of civilized society.—-N. Y. —According to the Pharmaceutical. Journal of Australia, tho pructice has been introduced into Victoria, on the recommendation of Baron von Mueller, of placing green branches of euca* lyptus in sick rooms as a disinfectant. Dr. Gurgenven states, after twelve months* trial, that in cases of scarlet fever, if the branches bo placed under the bed,tho beddingundergoes thorough disinfection, the volatile vapor pone- tearing and saturating the mattress and every other article in the room. —Accounted For.—“How pale the cream looks,” said the housekeeper. “Yes’im,” replied the cook; “it’s been whipped* mum,”—Epoch, TEMPERANCE NOTES, THE FIRST GLASS. Glass number one, “only In inn Glass mimb&r two, “other boys do;" Glass number three, “it won’t hurt me;”- Glass number four, “only one more;” Glass number live, “before a drive;*’ Glass number six, brain liMimtx; ■ Glass number seven, stars up (u beaveu; Glass number eight, stars In his pnto; Glass numbtr nine, whisky, not wine; Glass number ten, drinking again; Glass number twenty, nut yet a plenty. Drinking with boys, drowning his joys; Drinking with men. Just now and then, Wasting bis life, killing htstygd; Losing respect, manhood nil wseoked, Losing his friends, thus it »U ends.’ Glass number one, taken In fun. Ruined bis life, brought ou str.fe; Blighted his youth, ruled his. truth; Gave only pain, stole all Uls gain; ' Made him at last a friendless outcast. Light-hearted boy, somebody's Joy, Do not begin early in sin; Grow up a man brave as you can; Taste not in fun glass number one. —Central Baptist. ALCOHOLISM IN FRANCE. T h e Enorm ous Consumption o f W ines by th e French F eople. The atrocious crimes and verdicts .that make a criminal court in this coun­ try a veritable chamber of horrors and indicate a marked affinity between the criminals and the jurors, are attributed by many observant Frenchmen to the alarming prevalence of alcoholism throughout France. ■ There is a popular error in the United States that drunkenness does not pre­ vail in wine-producing countries. This may be tr*1© where pure wine, is'sup­ plied to the people at cheap rates;1but this is a thing of the- furgone past in France..- The analysts made by M. Girard, the directorof the Paris labora­ tory, shows that ninety-two per cent of the cheap wines offered for sale in the French market are adulterated, the adulteration consisting chiefly of diluted alcohol or the cheaper methy­ lated spirits. The supply of native wine falls far beldw the demand, and hence adultera­ tions are stimulated to meet the gen­ eral thirst for vinous beverages at a low price. This explains the well- known fact that wine. * so-called, is never so cheap and abundant as when the grape crop fails. Whenever, there­ fore, there is a general failure of the grape crop of France the musses of her people who are addicted to wine bib­ bing should feel a sense of gratitude akin to that of the Irishman who, on beholding the vast quantities of food thatpoured into Ireland fromthe United States during the great famine of 1844, gratefully exclaimed: “The. Lord bless the Americans! If it hadn’t been for' the famine we’d bo. all .starvin' to death!” j 1 It should also bo noted that for many years France has imported more wine than she lias exported, although her grape crop, even when most bountiful, is supplemented by immense shipments of raisins from Italy, Spain and Portu­ gal. These raisins are fermented in combination with the juice of grapes to increase the wine product. As the consumption of these wines' has attained the enormons rate of forty gallons per capita per annum, in addi­ tion to a vast quantity of brandy, equally adulterated, and a very consid­ erable amount of brain-corroding ab­ sinthe, it would be very surprising if the great body of the French people were not in a state of chronic drunken­ ness. I have visited fifty-four of the eighty- six depurtments'of France, and 1 can attest, with perfect truth,' that her rural population has shared in the gen­ eral deterioration, and no longer ex­ hibits the homely virtues that we asso­ ciate with rustic life. The faces of the vast majority of French agricultural laborers are red with wine and eau de vie, and a very large proportion of their earnings is paid to settle, their scores at the pot houses. A recent French writer, referring to 'the spread of drunkenness throughout the hamlets of France, says: “In the villages the women are obliged, like the wires of workmen in the cities, tohangabout the wine shops on pay days in order to fight for their children’s bread with tho victims of al- cbholic shipwreck. Instead of putting away his soils and silver in-the clothes- press or in it corner near his chimney, And saving them for a ’rainy day’ as he formerly did, the countryman now spends them freely in daily visits to the tavern.” ’To this degeneration nt her agricultural ’class may he imputed the fact that, although France has been favored for many years with good crops, yet her imports of food products have steadily increased, amounting in theyear 1890 to 1,490,000,- 000 francs, or nearly .$289,000,000, thus exceeding her exports of such products for that year $118,000,090 Notwithstanding ait these evils that beset the republic of France, and de­ spite her vast debt of $8,000,000,000, the largest ever borne by any nation, she still marches bravely ' forward under her mighty burden. For twenty-one years, the longest period by a decade that republican-institutions have sur­ vived within her limits, she has illus­ trated in the midst of “mightiest mon­ archies” tho benign principle of “gov­ ernment by the people and for the peo­ ple,’’ of which our own great republic is the highest embodiment, She is now a potent political force, and every year of her existence Serves to swell the cutrenl of republican thought,that is aurelft though slowly* undermining every throne in Europe from the Mevff to the Thames- . May her rulers soon learn that “righteousness exalteth a nation,’*and avert retributive justice by removing from France the stigma of being the Sabbathless laud.—Americas, in N- Y. Mail and Express. oALCOHOL IN MEDICINE. Extract from a Lecture' by Dr- J . B> Kel­ logg, o f th e lla ttfo Creek Sanitarium. No doubt alcohol could be dispensed with for medicinal purposes without harm and without occasioning Ion of life. In ninety-nine cases out of every hundred where it is used it’does more harm than good. The class of coses in which alcohol is used more than any other is that of collapse. When a per­ son has fainted away or has been nearly drowned or has received some injury so- that his system is in a state of shock, the first thought with most people Is that lie must have some alcohol as soon as possible. Suppose the action of hi* heart is almost imperceptible, hi* breathing is disturbed, he is pale and in a clammy sweat, and to all appear* ance near to the point of death-—how absurd under these circumstance* to give alcohol to still further paralys* nerve cehters already partially par­ alyzed. Finch him and he does nof feel it; apply a blister and it convey* no sensation. Alcohol Is a narcotic and not a- stimulant as is popularly be­ lieved. A drop of alcohol on the lip diminishes' the tactile seuse one hun­ dred per cent, as can be readily demon­ strated by anyone, and this is because alcohol is a paralyzer. Shall we, then, give alcohol to a man who is already partially paralyzed? If a patient gets well to whom alcohol is administered under such circumstances, it is in spite of the alcohol and not because of it* aid. What a person needs in the half par­ alyzed condition of shock, ic bao who is .. under the influenceof some narcotizing/ drug, is waking up. Hast should be applied over the heart to stimulate its action, and the spine should be alter- '. nately sponged with hot and cold water. When a person has merely fainted, a slap on the right side.opposite the heart will often serve as well a* anything to start lip the action of that organ. Keep the body in a horizontal position; if any difference let the head, be lower than the feet in any case of collapse or fainting, and be sure that the clothing is loose. It la a good plan to apply hot fomentations to the head as well as over the heart The more intelligent class of physicians are com­ ing to. regard alcohol as less and less necessary for internal use-in their prac­ tice. There are cases where an alcohol “rub” may bo used advantageously, for it has an astringent effect Upon the skin.—Reported by Helen L. Manning. TEMPERANCE BREVITIES. P etitions containing thousands of names are constantly coming to Evans­ ton to be attached to the groat petition which seeks the outlawing of tho liquor traffic and opium trade throughout all nations. Ceylon has sent 33.797 signa­ tures; Burmah, 32,078; Canada, 38,805. Lady Henry Somerset will bring to the Boston convention the English petition. F rom the records ofYale college dur­ ing tho past eight years it iBshown that the non-smokers were twenty per cent, taller than the smokers, twenty-five per cent, heavier and had sixty-sbc per cent more lung capacity. In the last graduating class at Amherst college, the non-smokers have gained in weight twenty-four per cent over the smokers; in height thirty-seven per cent, in chest girth, forty-two per cont; and in lung capacity, eight and thirty-sixth hundredths cubic inches:—Western’ Medical Reporter. “IS this the way to the pOorhouse?” asked one man of another, as he pointed in a certain direction. “No, but this is,” answered tho other, as ho pointed to a whisky flask sticking out of the inquirer’s pocket The answer was surely very correct The whisky bot­ tle is what drives many people to the poorhouse. I t makes them neglect their business, it steals their earnings, it frives them bad habits, it .clothes them aud their children in rags, and robs them of their daily bread. Yes, and at last it robs them of their very souls. D r in k is the great curse of Australia. High wages only too often lead to in­ dulgence in bad colonial beer and wine that is even worse than malt liquor of spirits Girls and women drink much more in the colonies ihan they do in England, This is partly owing to the hard work, partly to the hot climate. “I shouldn't like the girt who made me this shawl to see me in this.place,” said a girl while unpacking her box in a miserable Melbourne lodging bouse. She looked up, and there stood the maker of the shawl, the daughter of a poor but respcctablo Irish farmer. Both girlsMd been emigrants, and both had come to grief through drinking. E verybody respects a yoting man who refuses to dritak, and in these days sensible men, even those who are not opposed to drinking on principle, are giving up the consumption of alcohol as a bad practice. They know hy ex­ perience tha t it Is one of the most serious of tho obstacles to material suc­ cess. Hunt out tlie real causo of half the bankruptcies and yon would find it in drinking, Discover the true cento of tho inability of young men to get ahead And in the majority of catea it would lm drinking* The country boy teho trice his fortune in the city cannot Afford to tako that risk. He must be in fighting trim always,with every power at hisfull command