Cedarville Magazine, Spring 2013

Cedarville Magazine | 17 ECONOMY IN PERSPECTIVE T he Gospel of Luke opens by setting the political scene “in the days of Herod of Judea” (Luke 1:5). The eldest son of Herod the Great, King Herod of Judea (also known as Archelaus) took after his father. He was a repressive leader who carried on his father’s love for massive building projects that exploited Israel’s large lower class. Herod used his people to build structures that reinforced the power and status of the occupying empire. Archelaus ruled until A.D. 6 when Judea became a Roman province. It was into this context that Jesus was born. Approximately 30 years later, Herod Antipas was the prefect of Rome when Jesus stood in His hometown synagogue. When He was handed the scroll, He unrolled it, found Isaiah 61, and read: The Spirit of the Lord is upon me, Because He has anointed me To bring good news to the poor. He has sent me to proclaim release to the captives And recovery of sight to the blind, to let the oppressed go free, To proclaim the year of the Lord’s favor. Jesus rolled up the scrolls, sat down, and said, “Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your hearing.” In other words, “You know how Isaiah said someone would one day proclaim these things. Well, I just did. The year of the Lord’s favor is on!” The Year of Jubilee (Lev. 25:8–55) was the centerpiece of an economic system instituted by God as the Israelites entered the Promised Land. In this system, the Israelites were commanded to observe the Sabbatical year every seven years (Lev. 25:1–7, Deut. 15:1–18). During this year, all debts were forgiven, slaves were set free, and the land was given rest from all sowing and reaping. In this theocratic agrarian society, Sabbatical year was amajor regulatory act that imposed a yearlong cycle of rest for workers and the land in addition to the weekly Sabbath, whichGod instituted through the Ten Commandments. The Sabbatical year also affected merchants’ bottom lines. Labor, a critical cost of production, is a key factor in businesses’ ability to make a profit. Thus, we must understand, the command to free their slaves every seven years would have profoundly affected businesses’ ability to expand profits to the point of empire. The Year of Jubilee came at the end of seven seven-year cycles. In the 50th year, not only would debts be forgiven, slaves freed, and the land given rest, but also all land was returned to its original deed holders — effectively banning outright sale of land and allowing land to be leased for 50 years or less. This government regulation reinforced the view among the Israelites that natural resources belong to God, not humanity. We are simply the stewards of land temporarily entrusted to us by God. Good News for the Poor by Lisa Sharon Harper continued on page 18