18 KANSAS. own members, and shall have all other powers necessary for its safety and the undisturbed transaction of business. Sec. 7. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceedings, and publish the same. The yeas and nays on any question shall, at the request of any two members, be entered on the journal. Sec. 8. Any member of either house shall have the right to protest against any act or resolution thereof, and such protest, and the reasons therefor, shall, without alteration, commitment or delay, be entered on the journal. Sec. 9. All vacancies which may occur in either house shall, for the unexpired term, be filled by election, as prescribed by law. Sec. 10. Senators and representatives shall, in all cases except treason, felony, or breach of the peace, be privileged from arrest during the session of the general assembly, and in going to and returning from the same ; and for words spoken in debate they shall not be questioned in any other place. Sec. 11. A majority of all the members elected to each house shall be necessary to pass every bill or joint resolution, and all bills and joint resolutions so passed shall be signed by the presiding officers of the respective houses, and presented to the governor for his approval. Sec. 12. The doors of each house, and of committees of the whole, shall be kept open. Neither house shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than two days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting, except for personal safety. Sec. 13. Every bill shall be read by sections, on three several days, in each house, unless in case of emergency two-thirds of the house where such bill may be pending shall, by a vote of yeas and nays, deem it expedient to dispense with the rule ; but the reading of a bill by sections, on its final passage, shall in no case be dispensed with ; and the vote on the passage of every bill or joint resolution shall be taken by yeas and nays. Sec. 14. Every act shall contain but one subject, which shall be clearly expressed in its title. Bills may originate in either house, but may be altered, amended, or rejected by the other. Sec. 15. In all cases where a general law can be made applicable, the laws shall be general, and of uniform operation throughout the State. Sec. 16. No act shall ever be revived or amended by mere reference to its title ; but the act revived, or the section amended, shall be set forth and published at full length. Sec. 17. No act shall take effect until the same shall have been published and circulated in the counties of the State, by authority, except in case of emergency, which emergency shall be declared in the preamble or the body of the law. Sec. 18. The election and appointment of all officers, and the filling of all vacancies, not otherwise provided for by this constitution or the •constitution of the United States, shall be made in such manner as shall be prescribed by law ; but no appointing power shall be exercised by the general assembly, except as provided in the constitution,
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