Glossary of Terms 216 Android: Apple-shaped fat distribution mainly around the trunk and upper body, such as the abdomen, chest, shoulder and neck. Antagonist muscle: Most skeletal muscle is arranged in opposing pairs. The contracting muscle is the agonist muscle during an exercise. The antagonist muscle is the opposite (opposing) the agonist muscle. Antioxidant: Substance that removes potentially damaging oxidizing agents in the body. Anxiety: Is a feeling of worry, nervousness or unease as a result of an event that is either imminent or uncertain Arousal: The physiological and psychological state of being awoken or of sense organs stimulated to a point of perception. Arousal is important in regulating consciousness, attention, alertness, and processing information. Arthritis: Painful inflammation and/or stiffness of the joints. Assistance exercises: Recruit smaller muscle areas, involve only one primary joint, and are considered less important to improving sport performance. Balance: The ability to stay upright or stay in control of body movement; coordination is the ability to move two or more body parts under control, smoothly and efficiently. There are two types of balance: static and dynamic. Bands: Are a method of strength training for advanced lifters in which bands are added to the bar to add elastic pressure thereby making the lockout portion of the lift more difficult. Basal metabolic rate (BMR): The rate at which the body uses energy at rest. Used for breathing and to keep vital organs functioning. Body composition: method (e.g., circumference measurements, skinfolds) used to estimate a person’s percent body fat. Body mass index (BMI): A weight-to-height ratio, calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters, which is used as an indicator of obesity and underweight. Bone density: Refers to the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue. Caloric balance: States the calories consumed through diet equals the calories expended through physical activity. Caloric density: Refers to the calorie content of food. Examples of calorie dense (in contrast to nutrient dense) foods include potato chips, desserts, and candy. Caloric expenditure: Refers to the number of calories expended during physical activity or exercise. Carbohydrate: One of the three essential macronutrients, along with fats and protein, used as an energy source by the body. Carbohydrates come in simple forms such as sugars and in complex forms such
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