Glossary of Terms 218 Conjugate method: A specific type of non-linear periodization developed by powerlifter and strength coach Louie Simmons. Cool-down: Easy exercise completed immediately after more intense activity to allow the body to gradually transition to a resting or near-resting state. Cortisol: A glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex that mediates various metabolic processes, had anti-inflammatory and immosuppressive properties. Creatine kinase: An enzyme that when elevated in the blood is a marker of damaged tissue in either the brain, skeletal muscle, or heart. Creatine phosphate (CP): A phosphate group found in muscle cells that stores phosphates to provide energy for muscular contraction. Cross-training shoes: Type of shoe designed for strength training, cross-training and/or other activities where thinner sole shoes are preferred. Deload: A short planned period of recovery. A typical deload period will last a week. Depression: Feelings of severe despondency and dejection. Detraining: Physiological adaptations associated with chronic exercise are not permanent. Once the stimulus is reduced or eliminated, the biological system(s) will revert back to pre-training levels. Dietary reference intake (DRI): Refers to a system of nutrition recommendations used to plan and assess nutrient intakes developed by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies. Dietary supplements: A dietary supplement is a product taken to supplement the diet and typically contain one or more of the following ingredients: vitamins, minerals, herbs or other botanicals (of or pertaining to plants), amino acids, as well as various other substances. Supplements are not required to go through the testing of effectiveness and safety that drugs do. Directed adaptation: A fundamental principle to exercise programming that states that in order to get better at something, you must train it over and over. Disaccharide: Two monosaccharides linked together. Disordered eating: Refers to a disturbed and unhealthy pattern of eating that can include restrictive dieting, compulsive eating or skipping meals. Distress: Refers to bad or negative stress. Drive theory: This theory states that the more arousal and anxiety an individual experiences, the higher their performance will be. Duration: Amount of time spent exercising within a specific training session. Dynamic effort method: One of the three methods of strength training used by powerlifters to develop muscular contraction speed. Eccentric contraction: A type of muscle activation that increases tension on a muscle as it lengthens.
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