Glossary of Terms 224 disease risk. However, monounsaturated fat has the same number of calories as other types of fat and may contribute to weight gain if eaten in excess. Motion control shoes: Type of shoe that has stiffer heels and firm posts embedded that reinforce the arch side of each midsole. Muscle fiber type: Skeletal muscle fibers can be categorized into two types: slow-twitch (Type I) and fasttwitch (Type II). Type I fibers are better suited for long duration, low-intensity activities such long distance running; whereas type II fibers are be suited for short duration, high-intensity activities such as resistance training and sprinting. Muscle spindle: A sensory organ located within the muscle that is sensitive to the stretch of the muscle. Myofibril: Long, cylindrical organelle in striated muscle cells, composed mainly of actin and myosin filaments, that run the entire length of the cell. Myofibrillar hypertrophy: One of the two methods of muscle hypertrophy in which the number of actin and myosin contractile proteins increase in number. Myosin: Globulin that combines with actin to form actomyosin (protein complex in muscle fibers that shortens when stimulated and causes muscle contractions). Myosin heavy chain (MHC): Portion of the myosin filament responsible for muscle contraction. There are three types of MHC (i.e., type I, IIa, IIx), each with a different contractile speed. MHC IIx has the fastest contractile speed (and is called fast-twitch), whereas MHC I have the slowest (and is called slowtwitch). MyPlate: Is the current nutrition guide published by the U.S. Department of Agriculture that depicts a place setting consisting of a plate and glass divided into five food groups (e.g., fruits, vegetables, grains, protein, dairy). MyPlate replaced MyPyramid in 2011. Neutral shoes: Type of shoe that typically does not have any motion control features. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS): Is a condition characterized by intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing foods in the absence of celiac disease and wheat allergy. Nonessential amino acids: An amino acid that can be made by humans thus is not essential to the human diet. There are 11 nonessential amino acids: alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): Energy expended from anything other than sleeping, eating or exercise. Non-linear periodization: Refers to a type of periodization that varies the different training phases by adjusting exercise selection, volume, and intensity. Norepinephrine: A hormone that is released by the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerves that functions as a neurotransmitter.
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