Glossary of Terms 225 Nutrient: Refers to a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life. Nutrient density: Refers to food choices based off the nutrients they provide (e.g., vitamins, minerals, fiber). Examples of nutrient dense foods include milk, vegetables, protein foods, and grains. Nutrient timing: Is the application of knowing what and when to eat before, during and after exercise. Nutrition: Refers to the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth. Obesity: A condition of being grossly overweight or fat. Equates to a body mass index (BMI) rating of 30.0 or higher. Omega-3 fatty acids: Unsaturated fatty acid, mainly found in fish oils, that have three double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain. Omege-6 fatty acids: Family of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acids that have a final carbon-carbon double bond in the sixth bond (counting from the methyl end). Olympic lifting: Type of strength (power) training in which athletes attempt to lift near maximum loads that are mounted on barbells. Osteoporosis: A medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of bone tissue. Overload: Greater than normal stress (load) is required in order for training adaptations to occur. These adaptations lead to increased athletic performance in terms of speed, strength, power, endurance, etc. Overtraining: The point where a person displays a decrease in performance and/or plateauing as a result of consistently performing at a level or training load that exceeds their recovery capacity. Oxidative system: One of the 3 basic energy systems used to produce ATP. This system converts carbohydrates and fats into ATP, requires the presence of oxygen to function and takes place in the mitochondria of the cell. Oxytocin: A hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that is sometimes referred to as the "cuddle hormone" because it is released when people snuggle up or bond socially. Pace/tempo training (P/T): A form of endurance training that uses intensities at or slightly higher than race pace intensity. Partials: A method of strength training for advanced lifters in which the range of motion of a particular exercise is limited in order to lift heavier loads. Passive stretch: Is a stretch that uses some type of external force (e.g., stretching strap, partner) to stretch the target muscle without any muscular contraction from the individual being stretched. Percent body fat: Is a measurement of body composition telling how much of your body weight is comprised of fat.
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