Glossary of Terms 220 Exhaustion stage: Final stage of the stress response. After an extended period of stress, the body has depleted all of its energy resources by continually trying, but failing, to recover from the initial alarm reaction stage. Fad diet: A diet that promises quick weight loss through unhealthy and unbalanced dietary means. Fartlek training: Swedish for “speed play”, is a form of endurance training that combines long slow distance (LSD) with interval training. Fast glycolysis: Method of providing energy for activities of short duration (i.e., 10-30 seconds), that replenishes very quickly and produces 2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule. Fast-twitch muscle fiber: A type of muscle fiber that is composed of strong, rapidly contracting fibers, adapted for high-intensity, low-endurance activities. Fat: Along with carbohydrates and protein, fat is one of the three major sources of energy in the diet. Fat contains 9 calories per gram, which is more than twice that provided by carbohydrates or protein (4 calories per gram). Due to its high caloric content, a high intake of fat increases the risk for obesity. Fat is used to help insulate the body as well aid in the absorption of certain vitamins. Fat cell theory: A theory that states obesity is caused by having too many fat cells. Fatigue management: After several weeks of hard training, recovery becomes incomplete as fatigue accumulates over time thereby requiring an intentional decrease in training volume and/or intensity. Fat-soluble vitamins: A vitamin that can dissolve in fats and oils. The Fat-soluble vitamins are vitamins A, D, E, and K. Fatty acids: Fatty acids are a major component of fats and are used by the body for energy and tissue development. Female athlete triad: A condition characterized by the combination of disordered eating, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Fiber: Fiber is a carbohydrate substance found in plants. Fiber helps you feel full faster and stay full longer – which can help in terms of weight control. Fiber also aids in digestion and helps prevent constipation. Fiber type transition: Adaptation of specific muscle fibers (typically the intermediate muscle fibers) to become more aerobic or anaerobic in nature as a result of training. Fibrosis: Process in which fibrous connective tissue starts to replace degenerating muscle fibers. Fight-or-flight response: The instinctive physiological response to a threatening situation, which readies one either to resist forcibly or to run away. Fitness test: A series of exercises designed to assess fitness (e.g., endurance, strength, agility, etc.). Flexibility: Range of motion of the joints or the ability of the joints to move freely through their entire range of motion. Food composition: Describes what other nutrition is obtained along with the macronutrient and how the food is digested and utilized by the body.
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