Glossary of Terms 225 Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS): Is a condition characterized by intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms related to the ingestion of gluten-containing foods in the absence of celiac disease and wheat allergy. Nonessential amino acids: An amino acid that can be made by humans thus is not essential to the human diet. There are 11 nonessential amino acids: alanine, arginine, asparagine, aspartic acid, cysteine, glutamic acid, glutamine, glycine, proline, serine, and tyrosine. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): Energy expended from anything other than sleeping, eating or exercise. Non-linear periodization: Refers to a type of periodization that varies the different training phases by adjusting exercise selection, volume, and intensity. Norepinephrine: A hormone that is released by the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerves that functions as a neurotransmitter. Nutrient: Refers to a substance that provides nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life. Nutrient density: Refers to food choices based off the nutrients they provide (e.g., vitamins, minerals, fiber). Examples of nutrient dense foods include milk, vegetables, protein foods, and grains. Nutrient timing: Is the application of knowing what and when to eat before, during and after exercise. Nutrition: Refers to the process of providing or obtaining the food necessary for health and growth. Obesity: A condition of being grossly overweight or fat. Equates to a body mass index (BMI) rating of 30.0 or higher. Omega-3 fatty acids: Unsaturated fatty acid, mainly found in fish oils, that have three double bonds within the hydrocarbon chain. Omege-6 fatty acids: Family of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory polyunsaturated fatty acids that have a final carbon-carbon double bond in the sixth bond (counting from the methyl end). Olympic lifting: Type of strength (power) training in which athletes attempt to lift near maximum loads that are mounted on barbells. Osteoporosis: A medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of bone tissue. Overload: Greater than normal stress (load) is required in order for training adaptations to occur. These adaptations lead to increased athletic performance in terms of speed, strength, power, endurance, etc. Overtraining: The point where a person displays a decrease in performance and/or plateauing as a result of consistently performing at a level or training load that exceeds their recovery capacity. Oxidative system: One of the 3 basic energy systems used to produce ATP. This system converts carbohydrates and fats into ATP, requires the presence of oxygen to function and takes place in the mitochondria of the cell.
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