Glossary of Terms 226 Oxytocin: A hormone secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland that is sometimes referred to as the "cuddle hormone" because it is released when people snuggle up or bond socially. Pace/tempo training (P/T): A form of endurance training that uses intensities at or slightly higher than race pace intensity. Partials: A method of strength training for advanced lifters in which the range of motion of a particular exercise is limited in order to lift heavier loads. Passive stretch: Is a stretch that uses some type of external force (e.g., stretching strap, partner) to stretch the target muscle without any muscular contraction from the individual being stretched. Percent body fat: Is a measurement of body composition telling how much of your body weight is comprised of fat. Periodization: A form of strength training that uses a strategic implementation of training phases (e.g., hypertrophy, strength, power). These phases periodically increase and decrease both volume and intensity in order to prevent overtraining and maximize gains. Phase potentiation: Logical stringing together of dedicated strength training phases in order to get the best long-term gains in performance. Phasic muscles: Extensor muscles that tend to get weaker with age. Phosphagen system: Fastest method to resynthesize ATP used for all-out exercise lasting up to about 10 seconds. However, since there is a limited amount of stored CP and ATP in the muscle, fatigue occurs rapidly. Physical activity level (PAL) factors: Refers to an individual’s total energy expenditure over a 24-hour period and is categorized by the amount and intensity of daily exercise performed (e.g., sedentary, lightly active, moderately active, very active, super active). Phytochemicals: Refers to any of the various biologically active compounds found in plants. Plasticity: Ability of connective tissue to assume a new or greater length after a passive stretch. Polysaccharide: Several monosaccharides linked together. Polyunsaturated fat: Type of fat that is liquid at room temperature. There are two types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): omega-6 and omega-3. Omega-6 fatty acids are found in liquid vegetable oils, such as corn oil, safflower oil, and soybean oil. Omega-3 fatty acids come from plant sources such as canola oil, flaxseed, soybean oil, walnuts as well as from fish and shellfish. Positive energy balance: Occurs when caloric intake exceeds caloric expenditure. Positive nitrogen balance: A condition in which the rate of protein synthesis is greater than protein breakdown or loss thereby resulting in tissue (muscle) growth. Power exercises: Specific strength training exercises that are performed quickly or explosively (e.g., power cleans, snatch).
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