257 A Christian Guide to Body Stewardship, Diet and Exercise Food deserts: Refers to an urban area in which it is difficult to buy affordable or good-quality fresh food. Frequency: Number of times one exercises within a specified period of time. General physical preparedness (GPP): A method of training that is used to improve general conditioning such as strength, power, endurance, speed, and flexibility. Genetic potential: Theoretical optimum performance capability which an individual could achieve in a specific activity, after an ideal upbringing, nutrition, and training. Glandular disorder theory: A theory that states obesity is caused by hypothyroidism. Gluten: Gluten (derived from the Latin word glue) is a mixture of proteins found in wheat, rye, and barley which gives elasticity to dough, helping it rise, and gives the final product a chewing texture. It can also be found in products such as vitamin and nutrient supplements, lip balms, and certain medicines. It is important to note that less than 1% of the general population has Celiac disease (autoimmune disorder of the small intestines) which would require a gluten-free diet. Glycogen: Storage form of carbohydrates in skeletal muscles and the liver. Glycolysis: A process in cell metabolism by which carbohydrates and sugars, especially glucose, are broken down to produce ATP and pyruvic acid. Golgi tendon organ (GTO): Proprioceptive sensory receptor organ that senses changes in muscle tension. Gynoid: Pear-shaped fat distribution pattern mainly around the lower upper body, such as the hips, thighs, and butt. Henneman’s size principle: Under load, motor units are recruited from smallest to largest. Herniated disk: A rupture of the annulus fibrosis (fibrocartilaginous material that surrounds the intervertebral disk) enabling the nucleus pulposus (gelatinous substance in the center portion of the intervertebral disk) to extrude through the fibers. Hierarchy of fat loss: States the four major factors in determining fat loss are (in order of precedence): nutrition, sleep & stress, resistance training, and hormonal balance. High-intensity interval training: A form of endurance training that uses high-intensity intervals (typically 30-90 seconds in duration) at intensities greater than VO2max. Hyperthyroidism: Condition of overactivity of the thyroid gland resulting in a rapid heartbeat and increased metabolism. Hypertrophy: A method of strength training intended to induce muscle growth. Incomplete protein: A protein food source that does not contain all nine of the essential amino acids. Examples of incomplete proteins include beans, specific nuts, and tofu.
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