263 A Christian Guide to Body Stewardship, Diet and Exercise Physical activity level (PAL) factors: A value depicting an individual’s total energy expenditure over a 24-hour period and is categorized by the amount and intensity of daily exercise performed (e.g., sedentary, lightly active, moderately active, very active, super active). Phytochemicals: Any of the various biologically active compounds found in plants (e.g., flavonoids, phenolic acids, isoflavones, curcumin, isothiocyanates, and carotenoids). Plasticity: Ability of connective tissue to assume a new or greater length after a passive stretch. Polysaccharide: Several monosaccharides linked together. Polyunsaturated fat: Type of fat that is liquid at room temperature. There are two types of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs): omega-6 and omega-3. Omega-6 fatty acids are found in liquid vegetable oils, such as corn oil, safflower oil, and soybean oil. Omega-3 fatty acids come from plant sources such as canola oil, flaxseed, soybean oil, walnuts as well as from fish and shellfish. Positive energy balance: A condition that occurs when caloric intake exceeds caloric expenditure. Positive nitrogen balance: A condition in which the rate of protein synthesis is greater than protein breakdown or loss thereby resulting in tissue (muscle) growth. Power exercises: Specific strength training exercises that are performed quickly or explosively (e.g., power cleans, snatch). Pre-exhaustion: Reverse exercise arrangement where the athlete purposely fatigues a large muscle group as a result of performance of a single-joint exercise prior to a multi-joint exercise involving the same muscle. Prehab: Series of exercises and activities that if performed regularly will help to improve athletic performance and reduce the risk of injury. Procrastination: The act of delaying or postponing something. Progressive overload: Periodic increases in training variables (e.g., load, intensity, duration, frequency) in order for improvements to continue over time. Protein: An essential macronutrient, along with carbohydrates and fat, the body needs for good health. Proteins are made up of essential and nonessential amino acids. The body manufactures 13 nonessential amino acids, which aren’t available from food. Pyruvate: The end product of glycolysis, which is converted into acetyl-CoA and enters the Krebs cycle when sufficient oxygen is available. Range of motion (ROM): Measurement of movement around a specific joint or body part. Rate of perceived exertion (RPE): A method of measuring physical activity intensity level based off how hard you feel like your body is working.
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