264 Glossary of Terms Recovery: Time required between exercise sessions to allow the body to repair and replenish depends on the type and intensity of the exercise performed. Referred pain: Pain that is felt in a part of the body other than its actual source. Repetition (aka rep): A complete motion of a particular exercise or movement pattern. Repetition method (aka repeated effort training): One of the three methods used by powerlifters to develop muscular size. Resistance stage: The second stage of the stress response in which the body has increased capacity to respond to the stressor. However, due to high energetic costs, the body cannot maintain high levels of resistance indefinitely. If the stressor persists, the body advances to exhaustion phase. Resting metabolic rate (RMR): Energy expended to maintain life. RMR makes up 70-75% of our total daily energy expenditure. Reversibility: The principle of reversibility states that the physiological adaptations associated with training are lost when training is stopped; however, detraining effects can be reversed when training is resumed. Road-running shoes: Type of shoe designed for running on pavement, sidewalks, treadmills, and tracks. Sarcomere: Fundamental unit of muscle structure, comprised of actin and myosin filaments, responsible for muscle contraction. Sarcopenia: Age related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength. Sarcoplasm: The colorless material comprising the living cell, excluding the nucleus. Sarcoplasmic hypertrophy: One of the two methods of muscle hypertrophy in which there is an increase in the volume of sarcoplasmic fluid in the muscle cell, with no actual increase in muscular strength. Satiety: Feeling of being full. Saturated fat: Type of fat that is solid at room temperature. Saturated fat is found in full-fat dairy products (e.g., butter, cheese, cream, ice cream, and whole milk), coconut oil, lard, palm oil, ready-to-eat meats, and the skin and fat of chicken and turkey, among other foods. Saturated fats have the same number of calories as other types of fat and may contribute to weight gain if eaten in excess. Self-induced stressors: A type of stress resulting from uncontrolled thinking or mismanagement of things within a person’s control. Set: A group of repetitions sequentially per-formed before the athlete stops to rest.
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