SHORT OF THE GLORY OF GOD 35 far removed from “modern” civilization to a sprawling nation that covers a continent, requires some clear standards. There must be expectations. In the book, the first, and simplest rule revolves around the conch shell. Ralph blows the shell to call the boys together in assembly. As they meet, and try to make decisions, whoever holds the conch gets to speak. While there is initial tussling over it, the symbolism of the shell’s authority stands, but not for long. Eventually, the shell is destroyed, along with every meaningful restraint on the boys’ behavior. Rules are not enough to deter corruption. Jack is always more excited about enforcing rules than following them. He assumes leadership of a splinter tribe, not because he is chosen, but because he is fierce and frightening. The process of the hunt, and the glee found in killing wild boars, changes Jack. Rules are no longer determined collectively. Liberated from structure, Jack’s word becomes the law, and the biggest, strongest boys threaten and intimidate anyone who resists. Jack’s hunters steal Piggy’s glasses, leaving him blind. As he finds the courage to confront Jack, Piggy knows instinctively there are no more rules. He appeals instead to what is “right.” Finally, he targets self-interest. “Which is better, law and rescue, or hunting and breaking things up?” Piggy’s words are uttered moments before one of the great cruelties of the book, an act that demonstrates Jack’s ultimate power over his tribe. He summons the boys to kill, and they oblige. The desire to be rescued galvanizes the boys early. Their best hope is to start and keep a fire burning. Initially, the boys take this duty seriously, not only for selfish reasons, but for the good of the community. The surest path home is simple, even if it is unlikely. Jack’s hunters manage the fire. The group can share responsibilities by rotating tasks. Some gather wood, others keep watch, and everyone else can rest. Duty is most effective and easily achieved when it is commonly understood. Social pressure, sometimes subtle, encourages people to embrace duties though they may be difficult. Parents feel a duty to care for their children, while later in life, those same children feel a responsibility to care for those parents. Police officers must protect the vulnerable. Walking down a clean school hallway, a teacher or student may feel the duty to bend down and pick up a random scrap of trash on the floor. In Lord of the Flies, the collective duty to tend
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