Channels, Fall 2018

Page 106 Thompson • Seeing Green Map 2: Petrobras Operations; Map taken from Petrobras (2010) Analysis and Results UNFCCC Data on GHG Emissions Data concerning the GHG and carbon-dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions is provided by the UNFCCC, created in 1992 as a framework for the reduction of global temperature increases through the reduction of carbon emissions and other GHG. The Kyoto Protocol of 1995 and the Paris Agreement of 2015 are two major treaties seeking a global response to climate change (United Nations Climate Change, 2014). There exist two categories of countries within the UNFCCC, Annex I countries and non-Annex I countries. Annex I countries are those developed states that are already industrialized and “the source of most past and current GHG emissions.” Non-Annex I countries are developing countries without the same level of industrialization. The regularity and specificity of reports differ by category with Annex I countries adhering to stricter criteria (UNCC, 2014). The Russian Federation is an Annex-I country, whereas Brazil is a Non-Annex I country. Major sources of carbon emissions are energy industries, transportation, industrial processes, solvent and product use, agriculture, waste disposal, land use, and land-use change and forestry (UNCC, 2014).