Channels, Fall 2018

Page 110 Thompson • Seeing Green 2008 until March 15, 2018. The time frame was extended to ten years to provide an overview of contemporary history with both NOCs while not being limited to recent events such as the Petrobras scandal beginning in 2014. A limit of a ten year timeframe was given due to the volume of New York Times articles and the limited time frame to conduct a qualitative analysis. We searched for articles for the Russian Federation under the key term “Gazprom” with the inclusion of the modifiers “environment” and “Russia.” Out of the articles available on the New York Times , I chose relevant articles within the scope of this research that addressed various instances of Gazprom. Some relevant articles were removed due to repetition of other news articles. The Brazilian articles were discovered using the search word “Petrobras” and the inclusion of the modifiers of “Brazil” and “environment.” The available article selection was limited in number, yet articles were chosen using the same process of relevance. Table 3: Timeline, Subject and Perception of New York Times articles Year Russian Federation Perception Brazil Perception 2008 Gazprom and Russia BP Environmental Inquiry Gazprom and Coal - negative - negative - negative 2009 Russia Cuts Gas Europe and Clean Energy - negative - negative 2010 Gazprom in Cuba - negative 2011 Russian Arctic - negative Stall in Renewables - negative 2012 EU Investigates Gazprom - positive Earth Summit in Brazil Brazil’s Oil and Women - positive - positive 2013 Greenpeace Charged - negative Petrobras’ Failings - negative 2014 Russia Losing European Energy Markets - positive Petrobras’ Scandal - negative 2015 Oil Exploration in Arctic - negative Petrobras’ Corruption Scandal - negative As noted by Table 3, Russia and Brazil each only have two reports with positive environmental perceptions, with three occurring in 2012 and one report written in 2014. The other nine articles dealing with Russia had some form of negative connotation while Brazil had four articles with a negative perception. The Russian articles concerning “Gazprom and Russia” (Kramer, 2008), “Russia Cuts Gas” (Kramer, 2009), and “Europe and Clean Energy” (Kanter, 2012) all discussed the close collaboration between Gazprom and