Channels, Fall 2018

Page 116 Thompson • Seeing Green relation between the NOCs and the state in regard to policy or political objectives. There were four articles: “EU Investigates Gazprom” (Vinocur, 2012), “Earth Summit in Brazil” (Barnes, 2012), “Brazil’s Oil and Women” (Romero, 2012), and “Russia Losing European Energy Markets” (Reed, 2014), which had a positive perception of the NOCs by noting the benefits of gas as a cleaner energy source or progress towards better environmental protection. Overall, Petrobras held a better third-party perception than Gazprom, with 33% of its articles mentioning Petrobras’ environmental activities favorably as opposed to Gazprom’s 18% positive perception rate of articles. Country Energy Strategies The final section of the research analysis is a comparison of the energy strategies in Russia and Brazil. 7 Each document is evaluated based on the frequency of key terms concerning the environment and the detailed and relevant scope of environmental approaches and strategy concerning the environment. An essential detail to emphasize when discussing the frequency of each term is the length of each strategic report. The Russian Federation’s report totals 169 pages of energy policy, whereas the Brazilian report consists of 264 pages of energy policy. Thus, one should anticipate a greater frequency of the terms in the Brazilian energy plan. The key terms searched for in these reports are: environment (and environmental), sustainable development, climate, energy efficiency and pollution. Brazil’s energy strategy has not been translated into English and thus the corresponding words searched for are: ( meio ) ambiente , ( desenvolvimento ) sustentável , clima , eficiência energética and poluição . Table 4 provides a list of the words examined and the frequency of appearance of each word. It is important to note some usages of the words are not included in the frequency of the table because of the surrounding context. An example of a removed term would be “managing a complex industrial environment” as opposed to “the protection of the natural environment.” The terms “sustainable development” and “energy efficiency” are included as they are typically associated with environmental concerns. Activists May Face Russian Piracy Charges (2013); Russia May be Losing Influence Over European Energy Markets (2014); Melting Ice Isn’t Opening Arctic to Oil Bonanza (2015); Brazil, Where Oil and Women Mix Powerfully (2012); Petrobras, Once Symbol of Brazil’s Oil Hopes, Strives to Regain Lost Swagger (2013); Scandal Over Brazilian Oil Company Adds Turmoil to the Presidential Race (2014); and Corruption Scandal at Petrobras Threatens Brazil’s Economy (2015) 7 The documents analyzed are the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation’s Energy Strategy of Russia for the Period up to 2030 (2010) and the Ministério de Minas e Energia’s (2007) Plano Nacional de Energia 2030 .