Channels, Fall 2018

Channels • 2018 • Volume 3 • Number 1 Page 117 Table 4: Word Count and Frequency 8 of Key Terms from Energy Strategy Reports Terms Russian Federation Brazil Environment 63 - word count 2.68 - frequency 204 - word count 1.29 - frequency Sustainable Development 17 - word count 9.94 - frequency 28 - word count 9.42 - frequency Climate 4 - word count 42.25 - frequency 15 - word count 17.6 - frequency Energy Efficiency 33 - word count 5.12 - frequency 156 - word count 1.69 - frequency Pollution 9 36 - word count 4.69 - frequency 32 - word count 8.25 - frequency The Russian Federation had sixty-three word counts of the environment in its strategic report. The word was used to recognize failures of matching “world environmental standards (page 29)” as well as areas of environmental improvement (page 35). The Russian Federation provided a moderate scope of environmental protection as it noted environmental concerns and standards for its various energy industries (i.e. coal, oil and hydroelectric power). The long-term energy strategy includes “environmental safety of the energy sector (page 24).” The report analyzed noted that the energy sector is one of the major sources of environmental pollution, accounting for 70% of the emitted GHG and 50% of air pollutants. The Russian Federation seeks to improve environmental safety “by minimizing the negative impact of extraction, production, transportation, and consumption of energy resources on the environment and climate (page 35).” It also seeks to enact stricter environmental regulations and requirements (page 35), including environmental audits of energy companies (page 36). There is also emphasis on the achievement of “innovation and scientific-and-technical policy in the energy sector (page 45)” through the development of various technologies. The term “climate” was almost exclusively used alongside the term “environment”, except for one instance in which an agreement to climate change was referenced. The topic of climate change was not cited as a concern for reducing GHG emissions and pollutants. As noted in Table 4, the term “pollution” describes various pollutant emissions and wastes. Within the Energy Strategy of Russia for the Period up to 2030, waste pollution was referenced nearly twice more often 10 than GHG pollutants and emissions. Except for the term “pollution”, Brazil surpassed the Russian Federation in the frequency of the measured environmental indicators. Yet when the length of the two reports are compared, the 8 To compare the frequencies of the word while accounting for page differences, I calculated the total number of pages on policy divided by the number of word occurrences to identify the average number of pages for each word. 9 Pollution included the terms: pollutant emissions, greenhouse gas emissions, and waste 10 There are 23 references to waste as opposed to 13 references to environmental pollution, pollutants, and GHG emissions.