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Page 40 Guidone • Liberty Further Extended negotiate with American diplomats X, Y, and Z. For an audience, the Americans would have to pay. One diplomat, Charles Pinckney of America famously responded, “No! No! Not a sixpence!” 34 This offense, coupled with the raging French revolution, motivated Haynes to implore the Freemen of Vermont to acquaint with the national sovereignty of the United States. 35 Haynes shuddered at the thought of a French invasion and publicly supported the presiding government of the United States, who guaranteed all Vermonters freedom from oppression. The standing militia of Vermont upheld the Vermont Constitution, which upheld Haynes’ personal freedom as a black man. Thus, Haynes saw the harm if Vermont Freemen undervalued the Federalist effort to raise taxes for a standing army against France as “a decent effort to support a civil government; our lives liberties and religion, in a sense, depend on it.” 36 HAYNES’ ALLEGIANCE TO THE FEDERALIST PARTY: GEORGE WASHINGTON Haynes’ alliance with the Federalist Party ultimately rested on the reputations of George Washington and John Adams. Both men had proven themselves loyal to nation, God, and the individual rights of man. Haynes recognized that Washington and Adams counted the cost of Revolution and risked sacrificing their land, property, and lives to benefit a free American government with little consideration of financial gain for themselves. 37 Jefferson also met these criteria. Still Haynes held a lifelong affinity for Washington, who stood for the contested rights and liberties until his death in 1799. Washington led the American army and commanded Haynes in the Revolution days of his youth. Namely, then, Washington still “commanded” Haynes’ attention throughout two terms and until his death at Mount Vernon in 1799. Haynes saw the miracle of civil government under a leader who secured the rights of the people rather than subject them to the churning whims of a dissatisfied mob. At the turn of the 18 th century, Washington left his public legacy to Adams, with challenges of French hostility toward the United States. Once allies in the War against Britain, France went into a war with the British ushering in a new era of foreign policy. HAYNES’ ALLEGIANCE TO THE FEDERALIST PARTY: JOHN ADAMS Washington had advocated for non-partisan politics, but Adams became the first outright Federalist President from 1797-1801. Like Haynes, Adams was a Massachusetts man, a well-educated lawyer who felt most comfortable on his hardscrabble family farm in Quincy, Massachusetts, which he called Peacefield. A mansion lay at the center of the farm, called “The Great House.” Haynes and Adams were both farmers born in Massachusetts, who valued learning, were monogamous, and embraced religion as an essential component to the policy and administration of America. In the conclusion of Civil Government, Haynes remarked, “We should do well to examine whether we do not too much despise and undervalue the civil government and independence that God by 34 https://www.history.com/news/what-was-the-xyz-affair 35 Haynes and Newman, Black Preacher to White America, 70. 36 Haynes and Newman, Black Preacher to White America, 75. 37 Haynes and Newman, Black Preacher to White America , 73-74. “We infer the integrity of a Washington, and an Adams, from the invincible attachment they have manifested to the rights of men, through a long series of events, when they had it in their power to sell their country and accumulate millions to themselves.”