Channels, Fall 2020

Page 38 Beale • Equivalence in Translation Slovenian universities, which occurred in the mid- 90’s of the previous century, later than in other European universities, in the course of Slovenia’s entry into the EU and its multilingual policy. Additionally, the translation paradox should be brought to attention and the question addressed of how much theory and research translation training actually needs. In closing, several considerations on the relationship between research, the market, occupation, and practice are presented, whereby the European competency profile for professional translators will also be discussed. 2. New Dimension of Translation in the 21st Century The changes in the relatively young, independent, academic discipline of translation studies are the result of significant, cultural, political, and technological changes in the world, brought on by globalization. “Today, at all international meetings, in international businesses and committees, agencies, editorial offices, radio and TV stations, in diplomatic missions and governments in all countries, in border and customs authorities, in internationally active transport, export, and import firms, etc., translation is ongoing.” The traditional perception of translation as an ancillary, secondary communication act has been enriched by a further dimension, namely that of global and international intermediation in the context of the democratic communication theory: everyone together over all and independent. As translation has ceased to be considered exclusively as a linguistic transfer of information, it has begun experiencing a new, further dimension. Linguistic Text C: The appearance of novel metaphors has increased with the spread of texts about the global economic crisis at the beginning of the 21st century. The overwhelming majority of these texts originate from English and contain many metaphors which are translated via differing methods. The chapter on the developments in the world economy and in global finance markets from the English-language yearly report of the 2010 International Monetary Fund (IMF) will be analyzed as the corpus of this work and compared with its translations into Spanish and German. 2010 posed a special challenge for the global economy due to instability, bailout packages f or EU countries, and increasing debt. The IMF’s evaluations serve as a measure of the world economy, and its yearly reports are read by over a thousand banks, government authorities, and universities (a listing of subscribers is available on the institutio n’s website). The present research focuses on the following questions: What types of metaphors appear in the IMF’s 2010 yearly report? What methods are used for translating these metaphors? Existing methods which have not yet been postulated? Lakoff and Johnson, who postulate the cognitive or conceptual metaphor, introduced a paradigm shift with their influential metaphor theory. They are of the opinion that metaphors are omnipresent and belong to human reason and action. The authors distinguish between structural metaphors, orientation metaphors, ontological metaphors, and visual metaphors, each based on the nature of the source domain. As the first parameter of this study’s analysis emphasizes typology, all metaphors of the corpus will be categorized first according to the four types mentioned above. Thereafter, a second classification criteria will be applied in light of the cognitive metaphors used in economic terminology. This criteria was postulated by the economist Henderson (1982) and