The Relationship of Jewish and Gentile Believers to the Law Between A.D. 30 and 70 in the Scripture

192 active or passive sense. 135 A.Kori in the active sense would mean "sense" or "organ of hearing" and in the passive sense would mean '"report' which is heard. " 136 nfanc; could mean "believing" in the active sense, or in the passive sense "what is believed" or "message, proclamation" or in this case "the gospel. " 137 According to traditional models, Tyson argues that it should be understood as the "believing act of hearing. " 138 Longenecker and Fung interpret dxori passively and nfaTtc; actively yielding "believing what was heard." 139 Hays and Betz prefer the passive sense of both words with the resulting "proclamation of the faith" 140 or "report of the gospel message . " 141 One notable distinction between these various options is that the last one (both senses being passive) "unavoidably shifts the emphasis from the hearing to the preaching of the message . " 142 That is, the emphasis would be not so much the act of hearing as what is heard. Since none of these possibilities enjoy a grammatical advantage , context must make the choice. Clearly , whatever Paul means by aKoflc; nfan~wc;, he contrasts it with "works of law." If our conclusions of the latter phrase are correct then Paul 's antithe i 1 not between "working" and "believing" but between "identifying with Mose " ver u omething 135 ung list eight possible permutations of the various meaning of the two word , ung, Galatians, 130-32. 136 G. Kittel, "aKouw ," TDNT, 1:221. 137 n (anc; ha other meaning , uch a "reliability, proof, pledge" but none of the e eem to make ense in the context of Galatian 3:2, 5 . Cf. BAG , .. ' n(aTt c;." 13 yon," or of aw ," 427 . 139 ung , alatian , 130 and Longeneck r , Galatian , 10 et alattan , 128 1 Bt::tL alauan , 1 , n.