Pre-Service Teachers' Use of Frustration to Enhance Communication

CONCLUSION • All twenty education majors participating in this study struggled with teaching ELLs. • None spoke the language of their host countries • Most were not trained to teach ELLs. • Dealing with ELLs produced multiple areas of frustration that negatively impacted their teaching. • Students used their frustrations to propel themselves to become creative, to research and to make adjustments and affect teaching in a positive way.