The Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism (2018)

relevance of phage to the mammalian ecosystem and others (Youle 2017). One group in particular has been detecting phages within the human body. They have discovered that as illness occurs in the body, the microbiome can be affected early to the point that released phages may provide an early warning system of impending illness (Rohwer 2013). This certainly adds more support to the idea that microbiome phages are important partners in maintenance of the microbiome. REFERENCES Bergman, J. 1999. Did God make pathogenic viruses. CEN Technical Journal 13, no 1:115. Bergman, J. 2002. The acquisition of virus resistance does not provide evidence for macroevolution. Creation Matters 7:7-8. Caro, L.G., and M. Schnos. 1966. The attachment of the male-specific bacteriophage F1 to sensitive strains of Escherichia coli . Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 56:126-132. Coppedge, D. 2011. We are filled with viruses. Creation Matters 16, no. 2:8 Datta, D.B., A. Bernhard and U. Henning. 1977. Major proteins of the Escherichia coli outer cell envelope membrane as bacteriophage receptors. Journal of Bacteriology 131:821-829. Davidheiser, B. 1965 Review of H.Fraenkel-Conrat, the genetic code of a virus. Creation Research Society Quarterly 2, no.1:49 Dewart, E. 2016. Viruses of the human body. The Scientist Magazine 30:1. Doyle, S. 2008. Large scare function for endogenous retroviruses. Journal of Creation 22, no. 3:16 Dutilh, B.E., N. Cassman, and K. McNair et.al . 2014. A highly abundant bacteriophage discovered in the unknown sequences of human faecal metagenomes. Nature Communications , 5:1-11. Faruque, S.M., M.J. Islam, Q.S. Ahmad, A.S.G. Faruque, D.A. Sack G.B. Nair, and J.J. Mekalanos. 2005. Self-limiting nature of seasonal cholera epidemics: Role of host-mediated amplification of phage. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 102:6119. Francis, J.W. 2003. The organosubstrate of life: A creationist perspective of microbes and viruses. In P roceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Creationism , vol.5, L.R. Ivey, pp. 433–444. Pittsburgh Pennsylvania: Creation Science Fellowship. Francis, J.W., S. Wreesman, S. Yong, K. Reigstad, S. Krutzik and E.L. Cooper. 2007. The search for toll-like receptors on earthworm coelomocytes. European Journal of Soil Biology 43, supplement 1:S92-S96. Francis, J.W. 2008. The matrix. Answers Magazine , (July-Sept), page 42. Francis, J.W. 2009. Symbiosis, relationship and the origin of species. IN Genesis Kinds: Creationism and the Origin of Species. eds. T.C. Wood and P.A. Garner, pp. 163-192. Eugene Oregon: Wipf and Stock Francis, J.W. 2013. A creationist view of the mammalian Immune System from Red Queen to Social Interface. Journal of Creation Theology and Science Series B 3:1-5 Francis, J.W. 2013. A creationists perspective on the origin of pathogenic Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio cholerae toxin. In P roceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Creationism , vol.7, L.E. Walsh, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania: Creation Science Fellowship. Ghequire, M.G.K., and R.D. De Mot 2015. The tailocin tale: Peeling off phage tails. Trends in Microbiology 23:587-590. Gorski, A., K. Dabrowska, R. Miedzybrodzki, J. Borysowski, K. Dabrowska, P. Wierzbicki, M. Ohams, G. Korczak-Kowalska, N. Olszowska-Zaremba, M. Lusiak-Szelachowska, M. Klak, W. Jonczyk, E. Kaniuga, A. Golas, S. Purchla, B. Weber-Dabrowska, S. Letkiewicz, W. Fortuna, K. Szufnarowski, Z. Paewelczyk, P. Rogoz, and D. Klosowska. 2012. Phage as modulator of immune responses: practical applications for phage therapy. In Advances in Virus Research , ed. M. Lobocka, pp 41-66. London, UK: Academic Press. Gorski, A. and R. Miedzybro 2017. Phages and immunomodulation. Future Microbiology 10:10. Gottesman, M.E., and R.A. Weisberg. 2004. Little lambda, who made thee? Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 68, no. 4:796-813. Gruenke, J., J. Francis and T.C. Wood. 2004. A proposal for a creationist survey of viruses, Occasional Papers of the Baraminology Study Group 4:14. Huiskonen, J.T. 2007. Tale of two spikes in bacteriophage PRD1. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science , 104:6666-6671. Kahrstrom, C.T. 2013. With a little help from my phage friends. Nature Reviews Microbiology 11:507. Kim, L. 2007. Reovirus: Orphan virus and its implication in original creation . Occasional Papers of the Baraminology Study Group 10:16- 17. Kim, L. 2008. Viral/bacterial attenuation and its link to innate oncolytic potential: implications of the perfect original creation in the beginning. Answers Research Journal 1:4. Kim, M., and J.W. Bae 2018. Lysogeny is prevalent and widely distributed in the murine gut microbiota. Journal of the International Society for Microbial Ecology 12, no. 4:1127-1141. Kim, M. 2006. Viral attenuation (reduction and pathogenicity) and its link to innate oncolytic potential: implications of a perfect original creation. Occasional Papers of the Baraminology Study Group 10:17-18. Larson, R.G. 2000. Viral evolution: climbing mount molehill? Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 52, no. 3:169-186. Lederberg, E.M., and J. Lederberg.1953 Genetic studies of lysogenicity in Escherichia coli Genetics 38, no.1:51–64. Liu, Y. 2007. Endogenous retroviruses: remnants of germline infection or created in the cell? Occasional Papers of the Baraminology Study Group 10:19-20. Liu, Y., C. Soper 2009 The natural history of retroviruses: exogenization vs endogenization. Answers Research Journal 2:97-106. Liu, Y. 2015 Mutations in the nef gene make HIV-1 more virulent. Answers Research Journal 8:323-326. Liu, Y. 2015. Cyclic selection in HIV-1 tropism: Microevolution that is going nowhere. Answers Research Journal 8:199-202. Lucas, J.R., and T.C. Wood. 2006. The origin of viral disease: a foray into creationist virology. Occasional Papers of the Baraminology Study Group 8:13. Luria, S.E. 1978. General Virology. 3 rd Ed. Hoboken, New Jersey, John Wiley and Sons. Mirzaei, M.K., and C.F. Maurice. 2017. Menage’ a trois in the human gut: interactions between host, bacteria and phages, Nature Reviews Microbiology , 15:397-408. Mossie, A. 2013. Pathophysiology of sepsis. World Journal of Medicine and Medical Science no. 8:159-168. Navarro, F., and M. Muniesa 2017. Phages in the human body. Frontiers in Microbiology 8:556. Francis et al. ◀ Bacteriophages as beneficial regulators ▶ 2018 ICC 156

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