The Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism (2018)

In concert with this, it should allow us to discern what types of traits tend to be variable, and which traits are more fixed. Finally, multiple lines of evidence can be synthesized to propose a robust natural history within various kinds of animals as they left the Ark and filled the earth. The eKINDS project has already helped to expand the creation model regarding diversification and adaptation of the original kinds. It is our hope that, by the grace of God, the project will gain momentum and more researchers will contribute. This would enable us, as believers, to significantly advance the creation model as we come to more fully understand the world God created. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We wish to express our thanks to Matthew Cserhati for providing the heat map and reviewing a draft of this paper. We also wish to thanks the donors of the eKINDS project, which makes this work possible. REFERENCES Anderson, K. 2016. Citrate utilizing mutants of Escherichia coli . Creation Research Society Quarterly 52:309-324. BugGuide.net. n.d. Identification, images & information for insects, spiders & their kin for the United States & Canada. Iowa State University, Department of Entomology. Retrieved September 30, 2017 from http:// bugguide.net/node/view/59/tree. Byrne, K., and R.A. Nichols. 1999. Culex pipiens in London underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations. Heredity 82:7-15. FAO Commission on Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture. 2015. The Second Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture in brief. Retrieved September 30, 2017 from http://www.fao.org/publications/sowangr/en/. Hennigan, T. 2013a. An initial estimate toward identifying and numbering amphibian kinds within the orders Caudata and Gymnophiona. Answers Research Journal 6:17-34. Hennigan, T. 2013b. An initial estimate toward identifying and numbering the frog kinds on the Ark: Order Anura. Answers Research Journal 6:335-365. Hennigan, T. 2014a. An initial estimate toward identifying and numbering the Ark turtle and crocodile Kinds. Answers Research Journal 7:1-10. Hennigan, T. 2014b. An initial estimate identifying and numbering extant tuatara, amphisbaena, and snake Kids. Answers Research Journal 7:31- 47. Hennigan, T. 2015. An estimation of the numbers and identification of extant non-snake/nonamphisbaenian lizard Kinds: Order Squamata. Answers Research Journal 8:171-186. Janick, J., and J.N. Moore, eds. 1996. Fruit Breeding: Trees and Tropical Fruit , vol. 1. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Larson, E.L., S. Keeble, D. Vanderpool, M. D. Dean, and J.M. Good. 2016. The composite regulatory basis of the Large X-effect in mouse speciation. Molecular Biology and Evolution 34, no 2:282-295. Lightner, J.K. 2010. Identification of large sparrow finch monobaramin in perching birds (Aves: Passeriformes). Journal of Creation 24, no. 3:117-121. Lightner, J.K., T. Hennigan, G. Purdom, and B. Hodge. 2011. Determining the Ark Kinds. Answers Research Journal 4:195-201. Lightner, J.K. 2012. Mammalian Ark Kinds. Answers Research Journal 5:151-204. Lightner, J.K. 2013. An initial estimate of avian Ark kinds. Answers Research Journal 6:409-466. Lightner, J.K. 2014. Adaptation of endotherms to high altitudes. Creation Research Society Quarterly 50, no. 3:132-140. Lightner, J.K. 2015. Natural selection: Assessing the role it plays in our world. Answers Research Journal 8:111-119. Lightner, J.K. 2016. Adaptive genetic changes by design: A look at the DNA editing by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID). Creation Research Society Quarterly 52, no. 4:265-274. Lightner, J.K. and J. Ahlquist. 2017. Founder events: Foundational in rapid post-flood diversification. Creation Research Society Quarterly 53, no. 3:217-224. Mayr, E. 1954. Changes in genetic environment and evolution. In Evolution as a Process , eds. J. Huxley, A.C. Hardy, and F.B. Ford, pp. 157-180. London, UK: Allen and Unwin. O’Micks, J. 2017. Baraminology classification based on gene content similarity measurement. Creation Research Society Quarterly 54:27-37. Rosenfeld, J.A., J. Foox, and R. DeSalle. 2016. Insect genome content phylogeny and functional annotation of core insect genomes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 97:224-232. Ross, M.R. 2014. Fossil baramins on Noah’s Ark: The “Amphibians. Answers Research Journal 7:331-355. Rupe, C.L., and J.C. Sanford. 2013. Using numerical simulation to better understand fixation rates, and establishment of a newprinciple: Haldane’s ratchet. In Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Creationism , ed. M.F. Horstemeyer. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: Creation Science Fellowship. Stahl, P.D. and M.J. Wainszelbaum. 2009. Human-specific genes may offer a unique window into human cell signaling. Science Signaling 2:59. Simola, D.F., L. Wissler, G. Donahue, R.M. Waterhouse, M. Helmkampf, J. Roux, S. Nygaard, K.M. Gladstad, D.E. Hagen, L. Viljakainen, J.T. Reese, B.G. Hunt, D. Graur, E. Elhaik, E.V. Kriventseva, J. Wen, B.J. Parker, E. Cash, E. Privman, C.P. Childers, M.C. Muños-Torres, J.J. Boomsma, E. Bomberg-Baur, C.R. Currie, C.G. Elsik, G. Suen, M.A.D. Goodisman, L. Keller, J. Liebig, A. Rawls, D. Reinberg, C.D. Smith, C.R. Smith, N. Tsutsui, Y. Wurm, E.M. Zdobnov, S.L. Berger, and J. Gadau. 2013. Social insect genomes exhibit dramatic evolution in gene composition and regulation while preserving regulatory features linked to sociality. Genome Research 23:1235-1247. Tan, C. 2013. Using taxonomically restricted essential genes to determine whether two organisms can belong in the same family tree. Answers Research Journal 8:413-435. Terborg, P. 2008. Evidence for the design of life: part 1 – Genetic redundancy. Journal of Creation 22, no. 2:79-84. Terborg, P. 2009. The design of life: part 3 – an introduction to variation- inducing genetic elements. Journal of Creation 23, no. 1:99-106. Tomkins, J.P. 2013. Newly discovered ‘orphan genes’ defy evolution. Retrieved March 29, 2018, from https://www.icr.org/article/7684/282. Tomkins, J.P. 2016. Human uniqueness and accelerated storytelling: How conserved regulatory regions in the genome challenge evolution. Creation Research Society Quarterly 52:256-264. Wasmann, E. 1910. Modern Biology and the Theory of Evolution , translated from the third German edition by A.M. Buchanan. London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co., LTD Retrieved March 29, 2018, from https://archive.org/stream/modernbiologythe00wasmuoft#page/ Lightner and Anderson ◀ The CRS eKINDS research initiative ▶ 2018 ICC 189

RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM4ODY=