The Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism (2018)

Borsch et al. ◀ Micas in ancient sandstones ▶ 2018 ICC 324 Glorieta Sandstone New Mexico (Permian) Baars 1974; Blakey 1990; Brill 1952; Dinterman 2001*; Irwin and Morton 1969. The Glorieta is recognized in New Mexico, Texas and Oklahoma. Baars (1974) describes the Glorieta as a fine to medium-grained quartz sandstone with thin to medium cross-beds with dips of 10 to 20 degrees. It ranges from 30-90 m in thickness. Baars thought that most of the Glorieta was aqueously deposited. Dinterman (2001) describes the Glorieta (in NM) as being primarily a well-sorted, fine-grained quartz arenite. According to Blakey (1990) it is probably correlative with the main body of the Coconino in Arizona and Brill (1952) believes it is correlative to the Lyons in Colorado. Hopeman Sandstone Scotland (Permian) Maithel et al 2015; Ogilvie et al. 2000*; Peacock 1966*; Peacock et al. 1968* Borehole data suggest a maximum thickness of 60 m for this sandstone (Ogilvie et al., 2000). The formation is characterized by large-scale cross-bedded sandstones with well-rounded quartz and feldspar grains and minor amounts of mica (Peacock et al. 1968) which have been interpreted as the products of eolian deposition. Coarse pebbly sandstone lenses with small-scale cross-bedding also occur (Peacock, 1966) which are interpreted as water-deposited. Contrary to other published reports, Maithel et al (2015) found that the sandstone was not as well-sorted or rounded as previously reported. They noted that orthoclase and muscovite in the formation could suggest a non-eolian depositional environment. Lochar- briggs Sandstone Scotland (Permian) Brookfield 1977*, 1978*; McKeever 1991* The Locharbriggs Sandstone (Lower Permian) is known from outcrops in the Dumfries Basin of southwestern Scotland (Bookfield 1977) and is thought to have been deposited as transverse dunes (McKeever 1991). The overall thickness of the unit may be around 1000 m and consists of large-scale cross-bedding and well-sorted fine to medium grained sand (Brookfield 1978). Lyons Sandstone Colorado (Permian) Brill 1952*; Hubert 1960; McKee and Bigarella 1979*; Maher 1954*; Ross et al 2010; Thompson 1949; Walker and Harms 1972* The Lyons Sandstone is best known from the Colorado Front Range where it extends into the subsurface of southeastern Colorado, western Kansas, and parts of Wyoming and Nebraska (Maher, 1954). The Lyons can be traced into New Mexico and is correlative with the Glorieta Sandstone (Brill, 1952) which has been long recognized to correlate with the Coconino Sandstone in Arizona. At most locations the Lyons has been divided into three units: a lower, middle, and upper. At its type locality, in Lyons, Colorado, the formation is about 107 m thick. The Lyons is very similar to the Coconino in many respects (McKee and Bigarella 1979) but authors have disagreed over the years whether the deposit is a shallow marine or coastal dune deposit. Navajo Sandstone Utah, Arizona (Triassic?- Jurassic) Biek et al. 2010*; Bryant et al. 2016*; Doe and Dott 1980*; Freeman and Visher 1975; McKee and Bigarella 1979* The Navajo Sandstone covers most of eastern Utah and parts of Arizona, New Mexico and Colorado. It extends into Wyoming and a small portion of Idaho where it is known as the Nugget Sandstone and into Nevada and California were it is recognized as the Aztec Sandstone. Some of its more spectacular outcrops occur in Zion National Park where locally it exceeds 600 meters in thickness (Biek et al. 2010). In 1975, Freeman and Visher created a firestorm in the literature when they came to the conclusion that the Navajo was a subaqueous deposit based on stratigraphic and grain size analysis. There are many contorted beds and soft sediment deformation features in the Navajo which have been attributed to ground water movement by some authors (Bryant et al. 2016; Doe and Dott 1980). Its large foresets, rounded and frosted grains, sorting and ripple types are often cited as evidence for its eolian origin. Penrith Sandstone England (Permian) Arthurton et al., 1978; Lovell et al. 2006*; Waugh 1970* The formation reaches a maximum thickness of over 400 m in theAppleby-Hilton area (Arthurton et al. 1978). Published petrographic and grain size studies have reported that it is a well-sorted, well-rounded orthoquartzite, with subordinate orthoclase feldspar and rock fragments (Waugh 1970). Detrital clay minerals and mica have been reported to be absent (Lovell et al. 2006). The large-scale cross- bedding in the Penrith Sandstone is mostly wedge-planar with some tabular- planar and lenticular-trough units and foreset dips from 20 o to 33 o (Waugh 1970). Schnebly Hill Formation Arizona (Permian) Blakey and Knepp 1989*; Blakey and Middleton 1983* The Schnebly Hill’s type section is in the Sedona area and it is correlative with the De Chelly Sandstone and grades into the Yeso Formation of NewMexico (Blakey and Knepp 1989). It intertongues with the Coconino Sandstone in the Sedona area and it reaches thicknesses of up to 600 m in the Holbrook Basin (Blakey and Knepp 1989). Based on sedimentary structures Blakey and Middleton (1983) identified the Schnebly Hill has having various marine, coastal dune and inland dune facies.