The Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism (2018)

Doran et al. ◀ Dinosaur baraminology ▶ 2018 ICC 420 Figure 22. Biplot of PCA scores (black) and vectors (gray) for Holtz’s (2004) data matrix for Tyrannosauroidea within basal Tetanurae. PC 1 accounts for 33.2% of the variance and PC 2 accounts for 23.9% of the variance. Tyrannosauroidea are tightly clustered, toward right, except for Eotyrannus , which is closer to the center. Outlying groups ordinate distantly from Tyrannosauroidea at nearly right angles. Figure 23. PCA scores for Brusatte and Carr’s (2016) data matrix for Tyrannosauroidea. PC 1 accounts for 58.1% of the variance and PC 2 accounts for 12.5% of the variance. Tyrannosauridae forms a morphoseries on the left. PC 2 reveals distance between Tyrannosaurinae members including separation from Albertosaurinae (top). Figure 24. PCA scores for Brussate and Carr’s (2016) data matrix for Tyrannosauroidea. PC 1 accounts for 58.1% of the variance and PC 3 accounts for 8.1% of the variance. PC 3 includes Albertosaurinae within the Tyrannosaurinae series. All non-tyrannosaurid tyrannosauroid taxa are distributed along the top, grouped together by PC 3. Tyrannosauroids are very distant from the outgroup taxa (bottom right). Figure 25 . BDC results for Makovicky et al.’s (2004) data matrix of Maniraptoriformes, as calculated by BDISTMDS (relevance cutoff 0.95). Closed squares indicate significant, positive BDC; open circles indicate significant, negative BDC.