The Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism (2018)

Doran et al. ◀ Dinosaur baraminology ▶ 2018 ICC 433 Figure 64. Three-dimensional classical MDS applied to Vickaryous et al.’s (2004) data matrix for Ankylosauria. Members of Ankylosauria are shown in gray, Nodosauridae in orange, and outgroups (in addition to Gastonia and Gargoyleosaurus ) in red. Hypothetical outgroup in dark red. Scree plot suggests the first two axes represent most of the variation. Figure 65. Biplot of PCA scores (black) and vectors (gray) for Vickaryous et al.’s (2004) data matrix for Ankylosauria. PC 1 accounts for 44.2% of the variance and PC 2 accounts for 20.8% of the variance. Members of Ankylosauria are tightly grouped to the left while Nodosauridae are more diffusely spaced on the right. Gastonia and Gargoyleosaurus again display central positions. Figure 66. PCA scores for Zheng et al.’s (2018) data matrix for Ankylosauria. PC 1 accounts for 42.9% of the variance and PC 2 accounts for 24.3% of the variance. PC 1 distinguishes Ankylosauridae (left) from Nodosauridae (right). PC 2 distinguishes Gargoyleosaurus , Gastonia , and Hungarosaurus from other nodosaurids. Figure 67. Biplot of PCA scores (black) and vectors (gray) for Zheng et al.’s (2018) data matrix for Ankylosauria. PC 1 accounts for 42.9% of the variance and PC 3 accounts for 12.4% of the variance. PC 3 groups the Ankylosauridae morphoseries (right) distinguishing Pinacosaurus and Crichtonpelta . Gargoyleosaurus and Gastonia are likewise distinguished within nodosaurids.