The Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism (2018)

Doran et al. ◀ Dinosaur baraminology ▶ 2018 ICC 439 Figure 84. Three-dimensional classical MDS applied to Maryańska et al.’s (2004) data matrix for Pachycephalosauria. Members of Pachycephalosauridae are shown in gray, whereas all other members including Homalocephale , Goyocephale , and the outgroup are shown in dark red. The outgroup clusters near Ceratopsia, Homalocephale , and Goyocephale . Scree plot suggests the first axis represents most of the variation. Figure 85. Biplot of PCA scores (black) and vectors (gray) for Maryańska et al.’s (2004) data matrix for Pachycephalosauria. PC 1 accounts for 70.2% of the variance and PC 2 accounts for 17.1% of the variance. Members of dome-headed Pachycephalosauridae are in the top-left. Figure 86. Biplot of PCA scores (black) and vectors (gray) for Schott’s (2011) data matrix for Pachycephalosauria. PC 1 accounts for 50.0% of the variance and PC 2 accounts for 21.9% of the variance. PC 1 separates pachycephalosaurs (left) from the outgroup taxa (right), although Wannanosarus a “basal” pachycephalosaur, is closer to the outgroup taxa. Figure 87. Biplot of PCA scores (black) and vectors (gray) for Schott’s (2011) data matrix for Pachycephalosauria. PC 1 accounts for 50.0% of the variance and PC 3 accounts for 8.4% of the variance. PC 3 separates the flat-headed taxa Goyocephale , Homalocephale , and Dracorex from the majority of Pachycephalosauridae.