The Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism (2018)

(1) Direct precipitation of jarosite from solution K + (aqueous) + 3Fe 3+ (aqueous) + 2SO 4 2- (aqueous) + 6OH - (aqueous) ↔ KFe 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 (jarosite) (2) K + and SO 4 2- metasomatism of iron oxides 3Fe(OH) 3 (solid) + K + (aqueous) + 2SO 4 2- (aqueous) + 3H + (aqueous) ↔ KFe 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 (jarosite) + 3H 2 O (liquid) (3) Oxidation and K + metasomatism of pyrite 12FeS 2 (solid) + 4K + (aqueous) + 30H 2 O (liquid) + 45O 2 (aqueous) ↔ KFe 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 (jarosite) + 16SO 4 2- (aqueous) + 36H + (aqueous) (4) Direct precipitation of alunite from solution K + (aqueous) + 3Al 3+ (aqueous) + 2SO 4 2- (aqueous) + 6OH - (aqueous) ↔ KAl 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 (alunite) (5) K + and SO 4 2- metasomatism of kaolinite 3Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 (kaolinite) + 2K + (aqueous) + 4SO 4 2- (aqueous) + 9H 2 O (liquid) + 6H + (aqueous) ↔ KAl 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 (alunite) + 6H 4 SiO 4 (aqueous) (6) SO 4 2- metasomatism of K-feldspar 3KAlSi 3 O 8 (K-feldspar) + 2SO 4 2- (aqueous) + 18H 2 O (liquid) + 6H + (aqueous) ↔ KAl 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 (alunite) + 9H 4 SiO 4 (aqueous) + 2K + (aqueous) (7) SO 4 2- metasomatism of muscovite KAl 3 Si 3 O 10 (OH) 2 (muscovite) + 2SO 4 2- (aqueous) + 6H 2 O (liquid) + 4H + (aqueous) ↔ KAl 3 (SO 4 ) 2 (OH) 6 (alunite) + 3H 4 SiO 4 (aqueous) (8) Direct precipitation of cryptomelane from solution K + (aqueous) + 8Mn 2+ (aqueous) + 8H 2 O (liquid) + 4O 2 (aqueous) + OH - (aqueous) ↔ KMn 8 O 16 (OH) (cryptomelane) (9) K + metasomatism of pyrolusite 8MnO 2 (pyrolusite) + K + (aqueous) + OH - (aqueous) ↔ KMn 8 O 16 (OH) (cryptomelane) (10) Oxidative dissolution and K + metasomatism of rhodochrosite 8MnCO 3 (rhodochrosite) + K + (aqueous) + 4O 2 (aqueous) + 8H 2 O (liquid) + OH - (aqueous) ↔ KMn 8 O 16 (OH) (cryptomelane) + 8H 2 CO 3 (aqueous) (11) Oxidative dissolution and K + metasomatism of Mn silicates 8MnSiO 3 (rhodonite) + K + (aqueous) + 4O 2 (aqueous) + 16H 2 O (liquid) + OH - (aqueous) ↔ KMn 8 O 16 (OH) (cryptomelane) + 8H 4 SiO 4 (aqueous) (12) Reductive dissolution by acidification, followed by direct precipitation of cryptomelane from solution KMn 8 O 16 (OH) (cryptomelane) + 16H + (aqueous) ↔ K + (aqueous) + 8Mn 2+ (aqueous) + 8H 2 O (liquid) + 4O 2 (aqueous) + OH - (aqueous) (13) Reductive dissolution by organic ligands, followed by direct precipitation of cryptomelane from solution KMn 8 O 16 (OH) (cryptomelane) + 8CH 2 O (aqueous) + 4O 2 (aqueous) ↔ K + (aqueous) + 8Mn 2+ (aqueous) + 8HCO 3 - (aqueous) + 9OH - (aqueous) (14) Reductive dissolution by soluble Fe 2+ , followed by direct precipitation of cryptomelane from solution KMn 8 O 16 (OH) (cryptomelane) + 31H 2 O (liquid) + 16Fe 2+ (aqueous) ↔ 16Fe(OH) 3 (ferrihydrite) + K + (aqueous) + 8Mn 2+ (aqueous) + 15H + (aqueous) Snelling ◀ Flood/post-Flood boundary ▶ 2018 ICC Table 1. Representative reactions illustrating the precipitation of supergene K-bearing Mn sulfates and oxides in weathering profiles of ore deposits (after Vasconcelos 1999a, b). 566