The Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism (2018)

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Associated global sediment thickness map entitled “Total Sediment Thickness of the World’s Oceans and Marginal Seas, Version 2” can be found at https:// www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/sedthick/ (accessed 12 th October 2017). Zachos, J., M. Pagani, L. Sloan, E. Thomas and K. Billups. 2001. Trends, Rhythms and Aberrations in Global Climate 65 Ma to Present, Science 292:686-693. NOMENCLATURE adiabatic: An adiabatic process is one that occurs without transfer of heat or matter between a thermodynamic system and its surroundings. bathymetry: The study of the depth of water in oceans, lakes or rivers; underwater topography. half spreading rate: If two tectonic plates are separating from each other by (say) 20 mm per year, the half spreading rate for each plate is 10 mm/year. If they are spreading asymmetrically their half spreading rates will differ but still sum to 20 mm per year. lithosphere: The mechanically distinct outer layer of the earth, consisting of the crust and the uppermost mantle, typically 50- 100 km thick under the oceans and 100-300 km thick under the continents. It is distinctly cooler and more rigid than the asthenosphere, the relatively fluid, hot layer immediately below. The earth’s tectonic plates consist of lithosphere. THE AUTHORS William J. Worraker is a part-time ResearchAssociate with Biblical Creation Trust in the UK . He was employed as a computational physicist at AWE, Aldermaston, UK until retiring in March 2017. He has a BSc (Hons) in Physics from Bristol University, and a PhD, also from Bristol University, in fluid instability modeling. He has been an active amateur astronomer for over 25 years and has participated in collaborative professional-amateur observing projects and in writing the resulting peer-reviewed publications. He has written articles on astronomy and astrophysics in Journal of Creation , and a booklet entitled Water in the Cosmos published by Genesis Agendum in 2006. He gave two presentations at Origins 2016, the annual conference of the Creation Biology and Creation Geology Societies. Richard Ward graduated in 1969 from Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, where he studied mathematics and physics. After training at Leicester University he spent most of his life teaching physics to boys at Bishop Wordsworth’s School, Salisbury, UK. Since retiring from teaching he has provided technical support at two schools, and has authored six articles published in the Institute of Physics (UK) journal Physics Education. Worraker and Ward ◀ Ocean floor cooling ▶ 2018 ICC 682