The sensitivity of x to small values of t - f comes from the argument of the logarithm in eq. (11), the dependence I arbitrarily assumed in eq. (7). To be more general, let us replace the argument with a notyet-known function, F(t), so that in eq. (11), [1 - e -α(t-f) ] becomes F(t). F(t) would resemble eq. (7) in its large-scale features, such as rising monotonically from near zero in the region of t = f and approaching 1.0 at t = p. The slope of the 14C/C ratio in the last millennium has been positive and non-zero due to extrasolar cosmic rays, so F(t) should account for that also. To account for the 14C/C ratio shown in fossils (see Introduction), F(f) should be on the order of 0.005. That value would give an excess age x of a little over 50,000 years for samples of real age 4,500 years. For half that value, F(f) = 0.0025, the uniformitarian age (the excess age plus real age) would be about 60,000 years. F(t) should also include a series of small, smooth steps upward after time f due to the solar magnetic cycles. The width of each step would be the half-period of the cycle at the corresponding time. I have estimated the half-period as about 40 years (not 11 years as now), but it may have varied considerably from that for the first few cycles. The resulting value of the excess age will depend greatly on the exact details of F(t) in those centuries. Future research should concentrate on determining F(t) better. REFERENCES Aardsma, G.E. 1990. Radiocarbon, dendrochronology, and the date of the flood, Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 2, Article 37. Allen, C. W. 1976. Astrophysical Quantities, 3rd ed., p. 163, The Athalone Press, University of London, London, England. Baumgardner, J.R. 2005. 14C evidence for a recent global flood. In L. Vardiman, A.A. Snelling, and E.F. Chaffin (editors), Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth: Results of a Young-Earth Creationist Research Initiative, vol. 2, p. 595, Fig. 3(b). El Cajon, California: Institute for Creation Research; Chino Valley, Arizona: Creation Research Society. Brehm, N., M. Christl, T.D.J. Knowles, et al. 2022. Tree-rings reveal two strong solar proton events in 7176 and 5259 BCE, Nature Communications 13:1196. Babcock, H.W. 1961. The topology of the Sun’s magnetic field and the 22year cycle, Astrophysical Journal 133:572-587. Biskamp, D. 1993. Nonlinear Magnetohydrodynamics, pp. 127-174, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England. Chaffin, E.F. 2005. Accelerated decay: theoretical considerations. In Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth: Results of a Young-Earth Creationist Research Initiative, Vol. 2, L. Vardiman, A.A. Snelling, and Chaffin, E. F. (editors), pp. 525-585. El Cajon, California: Institute for Creation Research; Chino Valley, Arizona: Creation Research Society. Evans, R. D. 1955. The Atomic Nucleus, p. 876-877, eqs. (93) and (96), McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. Faure, G., and T.M. Mensing. 2005. Isotopes: Principles and Applications, 3rd ed., p. 618, Fig. 23.2, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ. Good P. R. et al. 2001. Earthshine observations of the earth’s reflectance, Geophysical Research Letters 28:1671-1674. Howe, R. 2009. Solar interior rotation and its variation, Living Reviews of Solar Physics, 6:1. Humphreys, D.R. 1986. Reversals of the earth’s magnetic field during the Genesis flood, Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 1, Article 52. Humphreys, D.R. 1990. Physical mechanism for reversals of the earth’s magnetic field during the flood, Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 2, Article 47. Humphreys, D.R. 2000. Accelerated nuclear decay: a viable hypothesis? In Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth: A Young-Earth Creationist Research Initiative, Vol. 1, L. Vardiman, A.A. Snelling, and Chaffin, E.F. (editors), pp. 332-379. El Cajon, California: Institute for Creation Research; Chino Valley, Arizona: Creation Research Society. Humphreys, D.R. 2013. Planetary magnetic dynamo theories: a century of failure, Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 7, Article 9, p. 11, eq. (7). Humphreys, D.R. 2014. Magnetized moon rocks shed light on Precambrian mystery, Journal of Creation, 28, no. 3:51-60. Humphreys, D.R. 2018. New mechanism for accelerated removal of excess radiogenic heat, in Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Creationism, ed. J. H. Whitmore, pp. 731-739. Pittsburg, Pennsylvania Creation Science Fellowship. Jackson, J.D. 1975. Classical Electrodynamics, 2nd ed., pp. 469-502, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Kitchatinov, L.L. 2005. The differential rotation of stars, Physics – Uspekhi 48, no. 5:449-467. Lammerts, W.E. 1983. Are the bristle-cone pine trees really so old? Creation Research Society Quarterly 20:108-115. Noyes, R.W. 1982. The Sun, Our Star, p. 66. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Oard, M.J. 1986. An ice age within the biblical time frame, Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 1, Article 48. Oard, M.J. 2021a. Much greater cosmic rays during the Ice Age and before, Creation Research Society Quarterly 58, no. 1:30-48. Oard, M.J. 2021b. Ice core oscillations and abrupt climate changes: part 3― large scale oscillations within biblical Earth history, Journal of Creation 35(2):107-115. Overholt, A.C., A.L. Melott, and D. Atri. 2013. Modelling cosmic ray proton induced terrestrial neutron flux: a look-up table, Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 118:2765-2770. Phillips, A. C. 1999. The Physics of Stars, 2nd ed., pp. 93-98, John Wiley & Sons, New York. Shercliff, J.A. 1965. A Textbook of Magnetohydrodynamics, pp. 34-39, Pergamon Press, Oxford, England. Stein, R.F. and A Nordlund. 1998. Simulations of solar granulation. I. General Properties. Astrophysical Journal, 499:914-933. Van der Plecht et al. 2020. Recent developments in calibration for archaeological and environmental samples, Radiocarbon 62(4):1095-1117. Vardiman, L., A.A. Snelling, and E.F. Chaffin (editors). 2005. Radioisotopes and the Age of the Earth: Results of a Young-Earth Creationist Research Initiative, Vol. 2, El Cajon, California: Institute for Creation Research; Chino Valley, Arizona: Creation Research Society. Vardiman, L. 2013. Numerical simulations of winter storms, tropical cyclones, and Nor’easters during the Ice Age using the NCAR WRF model with a warm ocean, Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism: Vol. 7, Article 22. APPENDIX (HELPFUL NOTES ON THE REFERENCES) Aardsma, G.E. 1990. See https://digitalcommons.cedarville.edu/icc_ proceedings/vol2/iss1/37/. Discussion by D. R. Humphreys on p. 13. Change the “1” in the first term of the equation to “exp (–λ t)”. That changes my estimate of Qo from 3.2 to about 6. Babcock, H.W. 1961. See https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1961ApJ...133..572B , HUMPHREYS Cause of large post-Flood jump in 14C 2023 ICC 286
RkJQdWJsaXNoZXIy MTM4ODY=