types of organisms from new biozones. In this view, the so-called ‘extinctions’ are merely a record of abrupt disappearances of many organisms at the same location in the fossil record. This was likely caused by the simultaneous inundation of a complete ecological environment at the same approximate elevation globally. Therefore, the Permian-Triassic level may correlate with the one of the highest water levels of the Absaroka (Clarey 2020, p. 273) (Figure 13). By the early part of the Absaroka megasequence cycle, the major continents of the world had completely formed the traditional supercontinent Pangaea. This resulted in renewed deformation along the Appalachian Mountains (including many overthrusts) and the intense folding within the Hercynian mobile belt across Western Europe. These deformational events folded and faulted many of the earliest deposits of the Flood. Before this, the continents were in a slightly different pre-Flood supercontinent configuration, referred to as ‘modified’ Pangaea (Clarey 2020, pp. 152-171). Later in the Absaroka megasequence cycle, subduction along the North American West Coast commenced and the various plates of the Pacific Ocean began their rapid development. The supercontinent of Pangaea was wrenched apart, beginning with rifting that separated North America from West Africa, initiating the formation of new seafloor in the North Atlantic Ocean. 6. Days 90?-150 Genesis 7:18-19 continues to report the progress of the Flood. The Ark was now free-floating and the geology also reflects this higher water level. The deposition of the vast Zuni megasequence may have been deposited during Days 90-150 of the Flood year (Clarey 2020, pp. 282-311). Figures 11 and Table 1 confirm that the Zuni has the most extensive surface coverage (62%, Fig. 15) and is the most voluminous (32.6%, Fig. 14) compared to all other megasequences. During the deposition of the Absaroka and the subsequent Zuni megasequence, the entire ocean floor continued to be created anew (Clarey 2020, pp. 268-270). Runaway subduction was now happening all over the globe on a massive scale, making much new ocean lithosphere (Fig. 4). As Pangaea began to further break apart, the Pacific Ocean plates continued to subduct along the edges and continued to create the an entirely new global seafloor at the ocean ridges. It is likely the creation of this entirely new seafloor during CPT that ultimately drove the water high enough to Flood the entire globe by Day 150. The Bible tells us the highest hills were covered by Day 150. The deposits from these tsunami waves became the Zuni megasequence. Fossils from this megasequence include most of the dinosaur graveyards across the American West and other locations globally, like Mongolia, Egypt and Morocco. The majority of these layers also contain prolific numbers of marine organisms. Fossils indicating a mixing of land and marine environments is ubiquitous for both the Absaroka and Zuni megasequences globally (Clarey 2015b). The Zuni shows massive herds of up to 10,000 or more individual dinosaurs deposited in mass graveyards in Montana as tsunami waves surpassed the stampeding herds of dinosaurs (Clarey 2015c). The highest hills were stripped down to the pre-Flood crust by the fast-moving waves that went over the top. Many of these areas became the so-called shield areas of the world. According to the Bible, all air-breathing land animals and all humans not on the ark were drowned by this point. Most conventional geologists do not accept that the entire world was completely flooded (2nd Peter 3:1-7), at least not during the Phanerozoic Eon (Paleozoic, Mesozoic, and Cenozoic). But the sedimentary rocks tell us a different story. Geologic and paleontological data reveal Earth’s geologic history includes an everincreasing global Flood event that flooded all land. The Bible tells us that the highest water level rose only 15 cubits over (above) the highest mountains. Fifteen cubits is about 6.9-9.1 m (22.5-30 feet), depending on the length of a cubit. With only 7.6 m (25 feet) of water column we shouldn’t expect to find a lot of sediment covering the pre-Flood uplands. And we think post-Flood erosion removed a lot of these thinner deposits, and left vast areas with little or no Zuni. However, in North America, remnants of Zuni sediments are found near Hudson Bay, Canada and Michigan and Illinois, marking the high water point of the Flood like a “bathtub ring.” We see similar remnants on every continent (Fig. 11). We suspect the Zuni was deposited from about Day 90 of the Flood to Day 150 of the Flood. The exact timing of when the Absaroka ended and the Zuni began is rather subjective. The Bible gives us no clues of any changes between Day 40 and Day 150 other than the water was prevailing higher and higher (Genesis 7). As noted above, the sedimentary record indicates that the end of the Zuni megasequence (end Cretaceous/earliest Paleogene) was the highest point of the Flood, which we believe was at or near Day 150 (Clarey, 2020, p. 308) (Table 1). Some earlier researchers have disagreed, instead claiming the Flood reached a peak on Day 40 (Whitcomb and Morris 1961) or reached a peak soon after Day 40 and stayed high or slightly higher until Day 150 (Barrick and Sigler 2003; Barrick 2008). Like us, Austin et al. (1994), Coffin (1983), Snelling (2009), and Walker (2011) all interpret the highest water point as Day 150 of the Flood. From the rock record (Table 1), it is quite evident that the Zuni likely records the highest sea level of all the megasequences and was most likely reached on Day 150 (Snelling 2009; Clarey 2020). The Zuni was the culmination of a fairly continuous rise in global sea level that began in the Sauk, illustrative of a progressive Flood. Globally, Pangaea continued to separate during the Zuni, splitting Africa from South America. The ark also struck ground in Day 150 as the Mountains of Ararat rose. It seems possible that the ark grounded on a hill that formed near the end of the Zuni megasequence, west of Mt Ararat. (Clarey 2019c). Figure 24 shows an isopach map of the combined Absaroka and Zuni. This map delineates the approximate extent of the Flood during days 40-150. 7. Days 150-314 The Tejas megasequence includes most of the Tertiary System, now split into the Paleogene and Neogene Systems (Fig. 13). The Tejas megasequence most likely represents the time when the floodwaters were receding (see Flood boundary discussion below), specifically Days 150-314 of the Flood. It seems quite clear in the biblical text that the recession of the water began on Day 150, after reaching a maximum level that same day. Genesis 8:13 suggests that the floodwaters had completely dried up across the entire earth by the first day of the first month of Noah’s 601st year (Tomkins 2023). Depending on the length of the calendar year used by the ancients, this equates to about 314 days after the Flood began. (Day 1 was the 17th day of the second month of the previous year.) Genesis 8 tells us that God brought a wind to lower the Flood level and push water off of the flooded continents. During this interval, major sections of the newly created seafloor began to cool and sink, drawing the water off the continents and back into the ocean basins. In fact, large portions (a third or more) of the seafloor were CLAREY AND WERNER Progressive Flood model 2023 ICC 431
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