and they were unaware until the flood came and swept them all away, so will be the coming of the Son of Man (Matthew 24:39). The Great Unconformity on hard crystalline basement rocks in North America and other continents (Dickens 2016; Dickens 2018) is testimony to powerful continental denudation and the destruction of the pre-Flood world’s topography due to enormous and globally extensive rain. The Great Unconformity at the Grand Canyon demonstrates that even granite and schist were eroded down kilometers (Karlstrom et al. 2021; McDannell et al. 2021) and peneplaned. This indicates catastrophic erosive destruction of pre-Flood land biomes with their terrestrial vertebrates. The long-held model of gradual destruction of ecological zones by the rising waters of Noah’s Flood, known as the ecological zonation model (Clark 1946) is not consistent with extremely deep and powerful catastrophic erosion. Stratigraphic and chemical evidence from the Precambrian-Cambrian transition demonstrates that the judgement of Noah’s Flood was extremely severe. Worldwide, Cryogenian diamictites indicate great mass flows (Oard 1997). Silicon isotope studies point to waters that were saturated in silicon by the end of the Neoproterozoic (Gao et al. 2020), consistent with unprecedented continental erosion. The overall Neoproterozoic to Mid-Cambrian trend of increasing 87Sr/86Sr ratio is also consistent with continental denudation (Peters and Gaines 2012). This colossal global erosion may explain why no human skeletons have been recognised in Flood rocks. It is suggested that Neoproterozoic erosive slurries were exceedingly powerful and people caught in them were not fossilized, but abraded away (Dickens and Hutchison 2021a). This may also explain the lack of other terrestrial vertebrate fossils, such as dinosaurs, in Neoproterozoic to Paleozoic strata. The voice of the Lord breaks the cedars; the Lord breaks the cedars of Lebanon. He makes Lebanon to skip like a calf, and Sirion like a young wild ox. The voice of the Lord flashes forth flames of fire. The voice of the Lord shakes the wilderness; the Lord shakes the wilderness of Kadesh. The voice of the Lord makes the deer give birth and strips the forests bare, and in his temple all cry, “Glory!” The Lord sits enthroned over the flood; the Lord sits enthroned as king forever (Psalm 29:5-10 ESV). Mention of the mabbul or early Flood (Boyd 2016) is also made in Psalm 29. Violent processes described include breaking of trees, forests stripped bare, earth shaking, and fire. I associate the origin of the early massive coal measures with the mabbul. In other words, the Paleozoic coal measures (Carboniferous-Permian) were derived from land vegetation stripped off the pre-Flood supercontinent by the action of enormous erosive currents generated by massive and geographically extensive rain, earth shaking, and volcanic-related fountains activity. Trees being of relatively low density (Chaturvedi et al. 2013) would have had a tendency to float near the surface of the waters during the global marine transgression. Streams flowing down hillsides and filled with floating timber are known in today’s world (Chaithong et al. 2018). While the continent was being eroded, the level of the adjacent sea began to rise, until eventually the land Figure 17. Satellite images of the location of the Perth Canyon and bathymetry map. Location of six ROV dive surveys (Sites A–F) are indicated (Trotter et al. 2019). IV. DISCUSSION I consider that almost the entire Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic geologic record can be correlated with Noah’s Flood and its aftermath. From the historical account in the book of Genesis, successive stages relating to Noah’s Flood and its aftermath can be inferred (Fig. 18). The Flood Year account has specific processes including fountains bursting forth, 40 days and nights of rain, marine transgression, marine regression and drying. A portion of, but not the entire, Flood Year had a globe-covering ocean. Tectonic upheavals would have taken place during the Flood Year and its aftermath with erosion, sedimentary deposition and volcanic processes taking place. Megasequences are considered to reflect regional tectonism (Appendix C). The discussion section provides details of a proposed successive history model, which includes the receding waters of Noah’s Flood and seafloor spreading. A summary of the model is provided in Appendix D. Two first order global sea level cycles or supercycles can be seen in the sea level curve. They are associated with supercontinent fragmentation. I infer that: 1. Supercycle One correlates with Noahic Flood waters rising and falling. In this curve, the Ordovician is the highest sea level and I correlate this with globe-covering water at the peak of Noah’s Flood. 2. Supercycle Two correlates with the subsequent time of seafloor spreading and opening up of the oceans now seen between today’s continents. I infer that the Cretaceous high, relates to hot expanded mid-ocean ridges displacing water onto continents to form interior seaways, but not completely covering the continents. Refer to Appendix B for more detail regarding sea level interpretation. A. Initial supercontinent fragmentation In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month, on that day all the fountains of the great deep burst forth, and the windows of the heavens were opened. (Genesis 7:11 ESV). The Flood Year began with all the fountains of the great deep bursting forth. This is considered to have fragmented the supercontinent in the Neoproterozoic. As an example, evidence has been given indicating that the Darling Fault Zone is a region where the fountains of the great deep broke open and the continental crust of Australia and Greater India fragmented apart in the Neoproterozoic. B. Stage of topographic destruction And God said to Noah, “I have determined to make an end of all flesh, for the earth is filled with violence through them. Behold, I will destroy them with the earth. (Genesis 6:13 ESV). [Underlining added for emphasis] For in seven days, I will send rain on the earth forty days and forty nights, and every living thing that I have made I will blot out from the face of the ground.” (Genesis 7:4 ESV). [Underlining added for emphasis] DICKENS Flood Waters Lead to Seafloor Spreading 2023 ICC 463
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