Figure 3. Baraminic distance correlation (BDC) results for the “Protorosauria” subset dataset using: A) Pearson correlation coefficient and B) Spearman correlation coefficient. Black squares indicate significant positive correlation, whereas open circles indicate significant negative correlation. Table 1. List of the number of taxa and characters used in each analysis. An asterisk (*) indicates that the analysis is in the supplemental material. Dataset Kellner, et al. (2022) Original Characters 823 Original Taxa 196 Dataset/Subset Remaining Characters Remaining Taxa All Archosauromorpha 83 135 “Protorosauria” 294 17 Allokotosauria 234 10 Rhynchosauria 167 15 Rhynchosauria lacking problematic taxa 289 12 Proterosuchidae and Erythrosuchidae 95 14 *Proterosuchidae, Erythrosuchidae, Euparkeria, and Osmolskina 77 15 Proterochampsia (no outgroup) 214 14 Proterochampsia (with outgroup) 191 16 Phytosauria 278 14 Pseudosuchia 138 22 Non-paracrocodylomorph Pseudosuchia 195 13 Paracrocodylomorpha 144 10 *Gracilisuchidae, some Paracrocodylomorpha, andTicinosuchus 213 9 Avemetatarsalia 66 31 Dinosauromorpha 542 13 Pterosauromorpha (0.2 taxic relevance cutoff) 44 16 Pterosauromorpha (0.29 taxic relevance cutoff) 104 12 “Basal” Avemetatarsalia 160 10 Protorosaurus shares no correlation of any kind with any other taxon in the analysis. The Spearman results (Figure 3B) are remarkably different, showing two major blocks of positive correlation mainly separated by negative correlation. One block contains Tanystropheidae and Dinocephalosauridae, whereas the other block contains the outgroup taxa and Protorosaurus. Protorosaurus is only connected to the outgroup block via the choristodere Cteniogenys, and it also shares positive correlation with the tanystropheid + dinocephalosaurid block via the tanystropheid Macrocnemus. The MDS results for “Protorosauria” (Figure 4) shows a cluster of Tanystropheidae + Dinocephalosauridae (purple) separated from the rest of the taxa (blue). Protorosaurus falls in between the Tanystropheidae + Dinocephalosauridae cluster and the outgroup cluster. The outgroup cluster is more diffuse, with the choristoderes, rhynchocephalians, and the rest of the outgroup as three separate clusters. The model with the highest average silhouette value for PAM was at three groups at 0.24; however, two groups was nearly identical in value at 0.23. The two-group model (Figure 5A) shows Tanystropheidae + Dinocephalosauridae in green and the outgroup taxa in red. Strangely, the outgroup taxon Cteniogenys is in the green group but with a strongly negative silhouette value, whereas the archoMCLAIN, CLAUSEN, PEREZ, BEEBE, AND AHTEN Archosauromorph Baraminology 2023 ICC 493
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