Table 1. An example of how some of the cross-bed dip data was published (Table 1 from Bigarella 1972, p. 26). In this example a number of measurements are reported along with a maximum and average dip. In these cases, a weighted mean was calculated (explained in text). Locality Number of Measurements Average dip direction Maximum dip Average dip Consistency ratio Ipanema (Paraná) A 56 39 23 N76°E S71°W S82°E 34° 33° 19° 12.4° 12.1° 10.0° 0.56 0.44 0.50 B C General 118 E 34° 11.8° 0.22 Barra do Sul (Sta. Catarina) 1 49 44 N4°2E N01°E 31° 29° 15.0° 13.4° 0.13 0.24 2 General 93 N16°E 31° 14.3° 0.17 Table 2. References and data of foreset dip angles of rock and modern eolian deposits used for this paper. “Reported” is data directly reported in a paper; “measured” means Whitmore measured or made calculations from the information in the report; “nr” means not reported by author; and “—” means not applicable for the particular reference. Reference Substance Formation Age Location Type of data n measured n reported mean measured mean reported median measured median reported max measured max reported min measured min reported sd measured sd reported Bigarella and Salamuni 1961 (p. 1094) rock Botucatú Sandstone Jurassic-Cretaceous Minas Gerais, Brazil Polar plot 220 220 18.8 19.6 18.9 nr 33.6 33 1.9 nr 6.9 nr Bigarella and Salamuni 1961 (p. 1094) rock Botucatú Sandstone Jurassic-Cretaceous Paraná, Brazil Polar plot 626 646 19.5 19.5 19.1 nr 33.3 33 7.9 nr 6.2 nr Bigarella and Salamuni 1961 (p. 1094) rock Botucatú Sandstone Jurassic-Cretaceous Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil Polar plot 598 615 20.5 20.8 20.2 nr 32.5 33 9.5 nr 6.2 nr Bigarella and Salamuni 1961 (p. 1094) rock Botucatú Sandstone Jurassic-Cretaceous São Paulo, Brazil Polar plot 650 676 20.1 20.3 20 nr 32.5 33 9.7 nr 6.2 nr Bigarella and Salamuni 1961 (p. 1094) rock Botucatú Sandstone Jurassic-Cretaceous Santa Catarina, Brazil Polar plot 386 391 19.9 19.5 20.1 nr 32.9 33 8.1 nr 6 nr Bigarella and Salamuni 1961 (p. 1094) rock Tacuarembó Sandstone Jurassic-Cretaceous Uruguay Polar plot 351 344 21.1 21.2 21.9 nr 33.3 33 3.8 nr 6.4 nr Kiersch-1950 (p. 932) rock Navajo Sandstone, upper unit Triassic Utah, South Saleratus Creek Polar plot 43 nr 17.2 nr 18.8 nr 24.9 nr 4.6 nr 4.8 nr Kiersch-1950 (p. 932) rock Navajo Sandstone, upper unit Triassic Utah, Upper Buckhorn Wash Polar plot 44 nr 16.4 nr 16.6 nr 31.2 nr 4.6 nr 6.6 nr Kiersch-1950 (p. 932) rock Navajo Sandstone, upper unit Triassic Utah, San Rafael River Polar plot 34 nr 18 nr 19.7 nr 24.5 nr 6.8 nr 4.6 nr Kiersch-1950 (p. 933) rock Navajo Sandstone, middle unit Triassic Utah, Upper Buckhorn Wash Polar plot 35 nr 16.1 nr 16.2 nr 25.1 nr 5.1 nr 5.2 nr WHITMORE Cross-bed inclinations 2023 ICC 592
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