On behalf of the Board of Directors of the International Conference on Creationism and Canyon Ministries, I would like to welcome you to Flagstaff and the New Scholars Conference! We have some exciting days planned along with some optional field trips. Following the 2023 International Conference on Creationism, the board of directors decided to maintain a four-year schedule for the large ICC conferences at Cedarville University. In addition, smaller, intermediate conferences will be held in the intervening years at various locations. The inaugural of these smaller events is named “New Scholars.” The title aims to inspire students to engage in Creation research and publication, encouraging them to develop and present full papers at the next ICC conference in 2027. We noted that previous conferences featured many established scholars, and we wanted to take steps to motivate the younger generation in research and publication. This conference will feature short oral presentations and poster sessions, showcasing contributions from both seasoned scholars and a significant number of new scholars. We will also have some longer presentations and some time for discussion. To support student participants, the ICC is providing stipends to help cover travel expenses to Flagstaff. Please note that peer-review for conference abstracts like this are not as stringent as peer-review for full length papers. Canyon Ministries is co-sponsoring the event alongside Cedarville University’s International Conference on Creationism. We extend our gratitude to Flagstaff Bible Church and Pastor Joel Anderson for hosting this conference. The proceedings from the conference will be published on the Cedarville University Library Digital Commons page, where previous ICC Proceedings are also accessible. For these abstracts, we have followed the model of the Creation Biology/Geology/ Theology Societies and have allowed longer abstracts with some references, so that most of the abstracts are like “mini-papers.” Posters will not appear in the printed conference proceedings, but will appear in the online library pages. Dr. John H. Whitmore, editor © Cedarville University International Conference on Creationism. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily represent those of Cedarville University. 2 2025 New Scholars Whitmore, J.H. 2025. Preface. In J.H. Whitmore (editor), Proceedings of the 2025 New Scholars International Conference on Creationism, p. 2. Cedarville, Ohio: Cedarville University International Conference on Creationism. PREFACE New Scholars 2025 THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CREATIONISM The International Conference on Creationism was initially established by the Creation Science Fellowship of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and sponsored the conferences in 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, 2003, 2008, 2013, and 2018 in the Pittsburgh area. The organization was then transferred to Cedarville University in 2020 and a new board of directors was selected. Cedarville consequently hosted the ninth ICC in 2023 and plans to host the tenth ICC in 2027. The current Board of Directors is Dr. Aaron R. Hutchison (Chairman), Professor of Chemistry, Cedarville University Dr. Sharon R. Cooper, molecular, cellular, and developmental biology Dr. John R. Gilhooly, Associate Professor of Philosophy and Theology, Cedarville University Dr. Steven Gollmer, Dean and Senior Professor of Physics, Cedarville University Dr. Jeremy Lyon, Associate Professor of Old Testament and Hebrew, Truett McConnell University Dr. Robert L Paris, Professor of Biology, Cedarville University Dr. Clayton Schultz, Assistant Professor of Practical Theology and Director of the West Institute Dr. John Whitmore (Editor), Sr. Professor of Geology, Cedarville University
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