Torch, Spring/Summer 2008

influence to bend the regimes in which they found themselves toward more godly outcomes. Notice, however, that they did so under peril and threats of death and imprisonment. They used godly discernment, effective action, and proper humility as they pursued God’s will in the public (though in Esther’s case a slightly more private) square. If they had refused to act, whether on the basis of holiness, detachment, or fear, the sins before them would have been multiplied. Inaction, when action might bring more godly results, does not appear to be a valid option. As Paul Henry argues, “To withdraw [from politics] is in essence to capitulate, if not to evil, at least to what one perceives to be a lesser vision of the good. Such withdrawal is an abdication of moral responsibility. How ironic, then, that those who do withdraw from politics often rationalize their actions by insisting that politics is a dirty business and they want to keep their hands clean!” The great paradox of Romans 13 for Christians in a representative or democratic form of government is that with submission comes responsibility and with responsibility comes participation and with participation comes the opportunity to bring either glory or ignominy to God. This should bring hope, fear, and trembling. Dr. Mark Caleb Smith is assistant professor of political science at Cedarville University and director of the University’s Center for Political Studies (www.cedarville.edu/cps ) . He holds degrees from Bryan College, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, and the University of Georgia. His primary research interests are religion and American politics. Smith has provided commentary to various news outlets and organizations, such as Focus on the Family. T Spring–Summer 2008 7 I n 2004, Cedarville University launched the Center for Political Studies to articulate a biblical view of government through the study of politics, law, history, and public policy, and to engage and influence American political culture. Students have opportunities to participate in innovative programs sponsored by the Center, including the Cedarville Roundtable, student research, and a summer scholars program.