BTOT-3140 Psalms–Fa 3 hours Examination of the book of Psalms with special attention given to the various types of psalms and their application to life. Prerequisites: BTGE-2730 Old Testament Literature; BTGE-2740 New Testament Literature; or permission of the instructor. BTOT-3150 Wisdom Literature–Sp 3 hours Examination of the books of Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Song of Solomon. Special attention is given to their literary qualities and practical applications for today. Prerequisites: BTGE-2730 Old Testament Literature, BTGE-2740 New Testament Literature, or permission of the instructor. BTOT-3210 Old Testament 2: Former Prophets–Sp 3 hours Study of the canonical texts of Joshua, Judges, 1 and 2 Samuel, and 1 and 2 Kings. Attention is also given to the historical, theological, and literary structural considerations for the books. Drawing on the texts, contemporary implications will also be addressed. Prerequisite: BTGE-2730 Old Testament Literature or permission of the instructor. (dual-listed as BTOT-6120 Old Testament 2: Former Prophets) BTOT-3310 Old Testament 3: Latter Prophets–Fa 3 hours Study of the canonical texts of Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, and Malachi. Attention is also given to the historical, theological, and literary structural considerations for the books. Drawing on the texts, contemporary implications will also be addressed. Prerequisite: BTGE-2730 Old Testament Literature or permission of the instructor. (dual-listed as BTOT-6130 Old Testament 3: Latter Prophets) BTOT-3410 Old Testament 4: Writings–Sp 3 hours Study of the canonical texts of Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ruth, Song of Solomon, Ecclesiastes, Lamentations, Esther, Daniel, Ezra, Nehemiah, and 1 and 2 Chronicles. Attention is also given to the historical, theological, and literary structural considerations for the books. Drawing on the texts, contemporary implications will also be addressed. Prerequisite: BTGE-2730 Old Testament Literature or permission of the instructor. (dual-listed as BTOT6140 Old Testament 4: Writings) BTOT-4900 1–3 hours Independent Study in Old Testament–Fa, Sp, Su Students will investigate a significant topic or a Scripture passage of special interest with a view toward integration of knowledge. BTOT-4990 1–3 hours Selected Studies in the Old Testament–Fa, Sp Selected studies in an Old Testament book or specific grouping of books. Repeatable with different books or groupings. Prerequisites: BTGE-2730 Old Testament Literature or permission of instructor. (dual-listed as BTOT-6150 Exposition of Old Testament Book) Bible and Theology: Philosophy and Apologetics (BTPA) BTPA-2010 Introduction to Christian Thought–Fa 3 hours An introduction to Western philosophy and thought evaluated from a biblical perspective. This course will introduce students to major thinkers and movements in the history of Western philosophy. It will provide a biblical critique of these ideas and show their contemporary significance. BTPA-2200 Introduction to Philosophy–Fa, Sp 3 hours Survey of the principle issues in Western philosophy, covering such areas as epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, and the major systems of philosophy. BTPA-2240 Logic–Fa 3 hours Study of the principles of correct and fallacious reasoning involved in traditional logic and modern logic. (even years) BTPA-2250 Ethics–Fa 3 hours Study and evaluation of the major theories of goodness, obligation, and motive and the development of a consistent Christian ethical system, together with the application of ethical theories to contemporary moral problems. BTPA-2260 World Religions–Fa, Sp 3 hours An introduction to the teachings and practices of the major world religions along with a Christian response to these religions. BTPA-3010 Biblical Ethical Methodology–Fa 3 hours A study in the methodology of Christian Ethics. The course will survey various ethical theories and evaluate them on the basis of Christian Scripture. Students will apply the biblical ethical paradigm to contemporary situations. Corequisite: BTGE-3765 Theology II. BTPA-3240 Epistemology–Fa 3 hours Study of the nature, sources, types, tests, and limits of human knowledge. Prerequisite: BTPA-2200 Introduction to Philosophy. BTPA-3250 Philosophy of Religion–Sp 3 hours Analysis of the major philosophical problems relating to religion as these have arisen in the modern intellectual environment. Prerequisite: BTPA-2200 Introduction to Philosophy. (dual-listed as BTPA-6250 Philosophy of Religion) BTPA-3280 Metaphysics–Sp 3 hours Study of selected topics in metaphysics, including the mindbody problem, substance, qualities and universals, identity, space and time, causation, and freedom and determinism. Prerequisite: BTPA-2200 Introduction to Philosophy. (odd years) BTPA-3310 3 hours History of Ancient and Medieval Philosophy–Fa Survey of men and movements in Greek and Christian philosophy from Thales to Aquinas. Selected, representative writings of the philosophers will be read. Prerequisite: BTPA-2200 Introduction to Philosophy. (odd years) BTPA-3320 History of Modern Philosophy–Sp 3 hours Study of the principle philosophers from Descartes through Nietzsche. The development of rationalism and empiricism with the Kantian synthesis and its results will be emphasized. Prerequisite: BTPA-2200 Introduction to Philosophy. (odd years) BTPA-3330 Contemporary Philosophy–Fa 3 hours Survey of significant European and American philosophies of the 19th and 20th centuries covering philosophical developments from Hegelianism to analytic philosophy. Prerequisite: BTPA-2200 Introduction to Philosophy. (even years) BTPA-3450 Biblical Apologetics–Sp 3 hours Study of theological and philosophical arguments for the Christian faith. Emphasis on biblical revelation and its use in the defense and confirmation of the Gospel in historical sources and contemporary settings. Prerequisite: BTGE-2740 New Testament Literature or permission of the instructor. (dual-listed as BTPA6450 Christian Apologetics) BTPA-3500 Current Religious Movements–Sp 3 hours Survey of new religious movements with attention given to their history, beliefs, and practices, as well as to critical assessment and appropriate response. Prerequisites: BTGE-2730 Old Testament Literature, BTGE-2740 New Testament Literature, or permission of the instructor. BTPA-4030 Philosophy and Literature–Sp 2 hours Course will be divided into two sections. The first will focus on philosophy of literature, exploring literary theory, hermeneutics, and literature as a work of art. The second part of the course will examine philosophy in literature, looking at the ways in which philosophical ideas are expressed through the medium of literature. (even years) BTPA-4290 Topics in Philosophy–Sp 1–3 hours Various topics offered as interest demands. For majors in philosophy. Prerequisite: Permission of instructor required for nonmajors and minors. 2026–27 Undergraduate Academic Catalog Page 239 Course Descriptions BTOT-3140 – BTPA-4290
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