215 Glossary of Terms 1-Repetition maximum (1RM): Greatest amount of weight that can be lifted for one repetition. Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR): Represents a range of intakes for a particular energy source (e.g., carbohydrates, protein, fat) that is associated with reduced risk of chronic disease while providing adequate intakes of essential nutrients. Accommodation: The principle of accommodation states the body’s response to a constant stimulus decreases over time. Actin: A cellular protein found in microfilaments that is active inmuscular contraction, cellular movement, and maintenance of cell shape. Active stretch: Is a stretch that involves actively moving one muscle group in order to stretch another. Adenosine: A nucleoside involved in the energy metabolism of cells. Adenosine diphosphate (ADP): A nucleotide composed of adenosine and two phosphate groups that is formed as an intermediate between ATP and AMP and that is reversibly converted to ATP by the addition of a high-energy phosphate group. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP): Principal molecule for storing and transferring energy in cells. Aerobic activity: Any form of sustained exercise (e.g., jogging, rowing, swimming, or cycling) that stimulates and strengthens the heart and lungs thereby improving the body's utilization of oxygen. Aerobic metabolism: Means of producing energy through the combustion of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fats in the presence of oxygen. Age-predicted maximum heart rate equation: A simple equation (i.e., 220- Age) used to estimate maximum heart rate. Agonist muscle: Most skeletal muscle is arranged in opposing pairs. The contracting muscle is the agonist muscle during an exercise. Air displacement plethysmography (aka BodPod): A method that uses air displacement to determine body volume in order to calculate percent body fat. Alarm stage: First stage of stress, also known as the fight-or-flight stage, that results in the heart beating faster, thereby sending more blood to your arms and legs, in the event you need to fight or flee. Amenorrhea: The absence or abnormal cessation of menstruation as defined by fewer than four cycles per year. Amino acids: Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins. The body absorbs amino acids through the small intestine into the blood. Anabolism: Synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones.
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