Glossary of Terms 216 Anaerobic metabolism: Means of producing energy through the combustion of carbohydrates in the absence of oxygen. Android: Apple-shaped fat distribution mainly around the trunk and upper body, such as the abdomen, chest, shoulder and neck. Anorexia athletica: A subclinical condition characterized by inappropriate eating behaviors and weight control methods to prevent weight and/or fat gain. Anorexia nervosa: A clinical condition characterized by extreme fear of becoming obese, a distorted body image, and avoidance of food. Antagonist muscle: Most skeletal muscle is arranged in opposing pairs. The contracting muscle is the agonist muscle during an exercise. The antagonist muscle is the opposite (opposing) the agonist muscle. Antioxidant: Substance that removes potentially damaging oxidizing agents in the body. Anxiety: Is a feeling of worry, nervousness or unease as a result of an event that is either imminent or uncertain Arousal: The physiological and psychological state of being awoken or of sense organs stimulated to a point of perception. Arousal is important in regulating consciousness, attention, alertness, and processing information. Arthritis: Painful inflammation and/or stiffness of the joints. Assistance exercises: Recruit smaller muscle areas, involve only one primary joint, and are considered less important to improving sport performance. Balance: The ability to stay upright or stay in control of body movement; coordination is the ability to move two or more body parts under control, smoothly and efficiently. There are two types of balance: static and dynamic. Bands: Are a method of strength training for advanced lifters in which bands are added to the bar to add elastic pressure thereby making the lockout portion of the lift more difficult. Basal metabolic rate (BMR): The rate at which the body uses energy at rest. Used for breathing and to keep vital organs functioning. Binge eating disorder: A clinical condition characterized by the inability to control what or how much food is being consumed. Body composition: method (e.g., circumference measurements, skinfolds) used to estimate a person’s percent body fat. Body mass index (BMI): A weight-to-height ratio, calculated by dividing weight in kilograms by the square of height in meters, which is used as an indicator of obesity and underweight. Bone density: Refers to the amount of bone mineral in bone tissue.
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