Glossary of Terms 231 Vigorous-intensity aerobic activity: Physical activity performed at a high level of effort, resulting in a substantially higher heart rate and rapid breathing. Visceral fat: Unseen fat stored around your organs and is linked to several metabolic disorders and diseases. Vitamins: Various organic substances, either found in food or produced by the body, that are essential in minute quantities and act as coenzymes/precursors of coenzymes in the regulation of certain metabolic processes. Vitamins do not provide energy or serve as building units. VO2max: Maximum amount of oxygen that an individual can utilize during intense or maximal exercise. It is measured as milliliters of oxygen used in one minute per kilogram of body weight (ml/kg/min). Volume: The total amount of weight lifted in a training session. Waist circumference: Measurement taken around the abdomen at the level of the umbilicus used as a screen for certain weight-related health risks. Waist-to-hip ratio (WHR): An indicator of health risk that is calculated by dividing the waist measurement by the hip measurement. Warm-up: Gradual increase in exercise intensity intended to prepare the body for the more intense and demanding activity to follow. Water-soluble vitamins: Vitamins that can dissolve in water but are not stored in the body. Watersoluble vitamins include vitamin C and members of the vitamin B complex. Weight cycling (aka yo-yo dieting or yo-yo effect): Refers to the cyclical loss and gain of weight. Weight management: Is the process of adopting long-term lifestyle modification in order to achieve and maintain a healthy bodyweight. Work:rest ratio: Is the comparison between howmuch time spent exercising to the amount of time spent resting. Zero-drop shoes: Type of shoe that provides an equal amount of cushioning from the heel to the toes.
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